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Indic Pacific Legal Research effectively addresses legal and policy challenges in digital technology through our tech-savvy approach. We are specialised in artificial intelligence governance. Indic Pacific is a research firm that delivers research-backed technology law expertise and AI governance solutions grounded in real-world market trust & value. That's it. That's what we do. Clean & simple. Indic Pacific delivers research-backed technology law expertise and AI governance solutions grounded in real-world market trust & value. That's it. That's what we do. Clean & simple. Hi, Welcome to Indic Pacific. We have built India's biggest technology law and policy archive from ground up in 5 years. Search an AI governance word to access our research & insights. 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] Global Customary International Law Index: A Prologue [GLA-TR-00X] Regularizing Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Indo-Pacific [GLA-TR-002] An Indian Perspective on Special Purpose Acquisition Companies [GLA-TR-001] India-led Global Governance in the Indo-Pacific: Basis & Approaches [GLA-TR-003] Regulatory Sovereignty in India: Indigenizing Competition-Technology Approaches [ISAIL-TR-001] Regulatory Sandboxes for Artificial Intelligence: Techno-Legal Approaches for India [ISAIL-TR-002] Global Legalism, Volume 1 Global Relations and Legal Policy, Volume 1 [GRLP1] South Asian Review of International Law, Volume 1 Indian International Law Series, Volume 1 Global Relations and Legal Policy, Volume 2 Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Deciphering Regulative Methods for Generative AI [VLiGTA-TR-002] Promoting Economy of Innovation through Explainable AI [VLiGTA-TR-003] Reinventing & Regulating Policy Use Cases of Web3 for India [VLiGTA-TR-004] Auditing AI Companies for Corporate Internal Investigations in India, VLiGTA-TR-005 The Policy Purpose of a Multipolar Agenda for India, First Edition, 2023 [Version 1] A New Artificial Intelligence Strategy and an Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Bill, 2023 [Version 2] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023 Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024 for India: Feedback Report [IPLR-IG-003] Legal Strategies for Open Source Artificial Intelligence Practices, IPLR-IG-004 Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Ethical AI Implementation and Integration in Digital Public Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-005 [AIACT.IN V3] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 3 AIACT.IN Version 3 Quick Explainer The Indic Approach to Artificial Intelligence Policy [IPLR-IG-006] Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 5 [AIPI-V5] Indic Pacific - ISAIL Joint Annual Report, 2022-24 The Legal and Ethical Implications of Monosemanticity in LLMs [IPLR-IG-008] Navigating Risk and Responsibility in AI-Driven Predictive Maintenance for Spacecraft, IPLR-IG-009, First Edition, 2024 Impact-Based Legal Problems around Generative AI in Publishing, IPLR-IG-010 Legal-Economic Issues in Indian AI Compute and Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-011 Paving the Path to an International Model Law on Carbon Taxes [IPLR-IG-012] Sections 4-9, AiACT.IN V4 Infographic Explainers Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] [AIACT.IN V4] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 4 [AIACT.IN V5] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 5 Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2020 ISAIL] Products & Services Products & Services Products & Services Products & Services Solving real tech + law + policy problems 01 01 01 01 Fractional Legal Support & Consulting We advise and consult on generating legal and policy solutions on complex matters related to law and digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, intellectual property, corporate innovation, sustainable development and legal management. 02 02 02 02 Industry-conscious Legal Training Through our research platforms (IndoPacific.App + TechINData.in), we deliver training programmes and research resources that help companies and professionals build AI governance and compliance capabilities to address tech policy challenges in their daily operations. 03 03 03 03 Original Research We maintain India's largest tech law knowledge base (99% free and open access) through our integrated platforms: 300+ downloadable contributions on IndoPacific.App (67% technology law focus), 110+ research inputs and 90+ glossary terms on Techindata.in. Served & Collaborated with Industry Leaders We’re good with numbers Facts and Figures Facts and Figures Facts and Figures Facts and Figures Know More Know More Presenting our AI Regulation Tracker via aiact.in Check the Visualiser Find India AI Regulatory Sources Check Proposed AI Laws Our Leaders are Featured in Our Leaders are Featured in Our Leaders are Featured in Our Leaders are Featured in 22 Platforms Platforms Platforms Platforms Some Latest Graphics-powered Insights by Our Brands Unique Perspectives, Common Goals: Showcasing Our Law & Policy Products & Brands Insights Explainers Connect Research Firm Updates "Action beats intention every single time." Our knowledge ecosystem provides exactly that, and completes the chain of problem recognition. This ecosystem is techindata.in + indopacific.app . What is Techindata.in? 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India AI Regulation 101 Landscape Visualiser showing interactive Sankey diagram mapping 45+ AI governance documents from 2000-2025 across time periods, document types including 20+ judicial pronouncements and 8+ guidance documents, binding values ranging from legally binding to soft law, and regulatory stages from pre-regulatory to post-regulatory implementation in India's comprehensive artificial intelligence framework. AiACT.IN The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. This sankey diagram (created as of October 2025) below gives a picture of India's AI Governance Landscape since 2000 until now. You can access the list of AI regulation/ governance sources from India by clicking here . We hope the visualisation of the India-based AI Regulation Sources is helpful to all. This is India's first most comprehensive, and specific visualisation-enabled AI regulation tracker, made with love by Indic Pacific Legal Research, under our Founder Abhivardhan's AIACT.IN Initiative, launched on October 29, 2025. Check Regulatory Sources

AIACT.IN is India's first privately proposed artificial intelligence regulation authored by Abhivardhan. AiACT.IN AiACT.IN Primary Ecosystem Partner Send us Feedback All Versions of AiACT.IN AiACT.IN Explainers Download Current Version AI & Law 101 India AI Regulation Sources AIACT.IN Visualiser Terms of Use AIACT.IN, originally India's inaugural privately proposed artificial intelligence regulation bill, garnered significant appreciation across multiple sectors of India's technology and policy ecosystem. The initiative received its strongest endorsement from the technology and business communities, with stakeholders recognizing its educational value in fostering democratic discourse around AI standardization and regulation in India's developing AI landscape. The bill's foundational support came from Sanjay Notani, former President of the Advisory Council of the Indian Society of Artificial Intelligence and Law, who had encouraged Abhivardhan to draft comprehensive AI regulation since 2021, ultimately catalyzing the bill's first version in November 2023. In the August 2024 International Law and Technology Conference organised by the Commonwealth Legal Education Association, Justice M Sundar , Judge, High Court of Madras (as of August 2024) had also appreciated this effort. As of January 2026, AIACT.IN is now a Joint AI Governance Project between the Indian Society of Artificial Intelligence and Law and Indic Pacific Legal Research. The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. This sankey diagram (created as of October 2025) below gives a picture of India's AI Governance Landscape since 2000 until now. Check the Diagram You can access the list of AI regulation/ governance sources from India below. Title Month and Year Strengthening AI Governance Through Techno-Legal Framework (White Paper, Part 2 of Emerging Policy Priorities Series) January 2026 Flipkart Internet Private Ltd v. Joint Controller of Patents and Designs & Voicemonk Inc., CMA(PT) No. 9 of 2024, Madras High Court, Order dated January 5, 2026 January 2026 IndiaMART InterMesh Limited v. OpenAI Inc. & Ors., IP-COM/57/2025 (GA-COM/1/2025), Calcutta High Court, Order dated December 24, 2025 December 2025 Democratising Access to AI Infrastructure (White Paper, Version 3.0) December 2025 Working Paper on Generative AI and Copyright (Part 1): "One Nation One License One Payment" December 2025 Raj Shamani v. John Doe & Ors., CS(COMM) 1233/2025, Delhi High Court, Order dated November 21, 2025 November 2025 Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 November 2025 India AI Governance Guidelines: Enabling Safe and Trusted AI Innovation November 2025 Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2025 - Draft Rules on Synthetic and AI-Generated Content October 2025 Circular on Use of Open/External Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools for Official Work, File No. Z-11/12/1/Misc.Matter/2024-MSU October 2025 Hrithik Roshan v. Ashok Kumar/John Doe & Ors., CS(COMM) 1107/2025, Delhi High Court, Order dated October 15, 2025 October 2025 Page 1 of 6 Access All Sections of the Draft AIACT.IN Bill. Section 1 – Short Title and Commencement Section 2 – Definitions Section 3 – Classification of Artificial Intelligence Section 4 – Conceptual Methods of Classification Section 5 – Technical Methods of Classification Section 6 – Commercial Methods of Classification Section 7 – Risk-centric Methods of Classification Section 8 – Prohibition of Unintended Risk AI Systems Section 9 – High-Risk AI Systems in Strategic Sectors Section 10 – Composition and Functions of the Council Section 10-A – Composition and Functions of the Institute Section 11 – Registration & Certification of AI Systems Section 12 – National Registry of Artificial Intelligence Use Cases Section 13 – National Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code Section 14 – Model Standards on Knowledge Management Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 16 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Corporate Governance Section 17 – Post-Deployment Monitoring of High-Risk AI Systems Section 18 – Third-Party Vulnerability Reporting Section 19 – Incident Reporting and Mitigation Protocols Section 20 – Responsible Information Sharing Section 20-A – Transparency and Accountability in AI-related Government Initiatives and Public-Private Partnerships Section 21 – Intellectual Property Protections Section 21-A – Data Classification and Localisation Requirements Section 22 – Shared Sector-Neutral & Sector-Specific Standards Section 23 – Content Provenance and Identification Section 24 - Employment and Skill Security Standards Section 24-A – Right to Artificial Intelligence Literacy Section 25 – Insurance Policy for AI Technologies Section 26 – Appeal to Appellate Tribunal Section 27 – Orders passed by Appellate Tribunal to be executable as decree Section 28 – Alternate Dispute Resolution Section 29 – Power to Make Rules Section 30 – Power to Make Regulations Section 31 – Protection of Action Taken in Good Faith Section 32 – Offenses and Penalties Section 33 – Savings Clause Section 34 – Power to Remove Difficulties Section 35 – Amendment of [Other Legislation] Terms of Use The contents of the AIACT.IN, i.e., the Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Bill, 2023 (also may be referred to as the Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023) and the New Artificial Intelligence Strategy for India, 2023 are proposals submitted to the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India. This is therefore provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes in public interest only. By using the contents of "AIACT.IN" developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the contents for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the page of this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the name of the page. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Abhivardhan, 'AIACT.IN' (Indic Pacific Legal Research, November 7, 2023) The contents of AIACT.IN are the copyrighted property of Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP. You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the contents without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. 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Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 5 [AIPI-V5] Get this Publication 2024 ISBN 978-81-959932-6-0 Author(s) Bhavya Singh, Harinandana V, Purnima Sihmar Editor(s) Abhivardhan, Pratejas Tomar IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) AIPI-V5 Tags Accountability, AI and agriculture, AI and climate change, AI and cybersecurity, AI and defense, AI and democracy, AI and developing countries, AI and discrimination, AI and e-commerce, AI and education, AI and employment, AI and energy, AI and existential risk, AI and finance, AI and healthcare, AI and human rights, AI and intellectual property, AI and international relations, AI and law enforcement, AI and manufacturing, AI and national security, AI and smart cities, AI and social media, AI and supply chain, AI and surveillance, AI and sustainability, AI and the future of work, AI and the meaning of life., AI and the singularity, AI and transportation, AI applications, AI governance frameworks, AI policy, AI safety, algorithmic bias, Artificial Intelligence, autonomous systems, computer vision, data privacy, deep learning, Ethics, Explainable AI, Governance, Machine Learning, natural language processing, Pratejas Tomar, regulation, Responsible AI, robotics, society, Transparency, trustworthy AI Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E AI as an Entity AI as an Industry AI Explainability Clause AI-based Anthropomorphization Accountability Algorithmic Activities and Operations Definitions - F - J Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose Definitions - K - P Language Model Manifest Availability Model Algorithmic Ethics standards (MAES) Multivariant, Fungible & Disruptive Use Cases & Test Cases of Generative AI Object-Oriented Design Proprietary Information Definitions - Q - U Roughdraft AI SOTP Classification Synthetic Content Technical concept classifcation Technology by Default Technology by Design Technology Distancing Technology Transfer Technophobia Definitions - V - Z Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 34 Insight(s) on AI Ethics 8 Insight(s) on AI and Competition Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and Copyright Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and media sciences 8 Insight(s) on AI Governance 8 Insight(s) on AI regulation 7 Insight(s) on AI literacy 4 Insight(s) on AI and Evidence Law 3 Insight(s) on Abhivardhan 2 Insight(s) on AI and Intellectual Property Law 1 Insight(s) on AI and Securities Law 1 Insight(s) on Algorithmic Trading . Previous Item Next Item

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Get this Publication 2025 ISBN 978-81-977227-5-2 Author(s) Abhivardhan Editor(s) Not Applicable IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) IPLR-IG-013 Tags Abhivardhan, AI Ethics, AI ethics training, AI governance, AI governance compliance, AI governance models, AI governance tools, AI governance training, AI policy developments, AI policy timeline (2023-2025), Algorithmic accountability, collaborative policymaking, compliance challenges, compliance roadmaps, corporate governance, decision paralysis, dynamic governance, ethical AI frameworks, ethical compliance, ethical decision-making, ethical governance strategies, ethical guidelines, framework fatigue, framework integration, framework optimization, framework proliferation, framework simplification., governance best practices, governance challenges, governance clarity, governance exercises, governance frameworks, governance priorities, governance roadmaps, governance strategies, Hyderabad workshop 2025, industry standards, legal frameworks, multijurisdictional frameworks, operational alignment, policy fragmentation, policy harmonization, policy implementation, policy overload, prioritization models, RBI FREE-AI Committee, regulatory alignment, regulatory compliance, risk mitigation, stakeholder alignment, stakeholder engagement, strategic prioritization, technical standards Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E AI as an Industry AI Literacy Benchmark Gaming Data as Noise Distributed Ledger Digital Colony Risk Definitions - F - J Framework Fatigue General intelligence applications with multiple short-run or unclear use cases as per industrial and regulatory standards (GI2) Generative AI applications with a collection of standalone use cases related to one another (GAI2) Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose International Algorithmic Law Issue-to-issue concept classification Definitions - K - P Klarna Effect Language Model Model Algorithmic Ethics standards (MAES) Multivariant, Fungible & Disruptive Use Cases & Test Cases of Generative AI Neurosymbolic AI Object-Oriented Design Omnipotence Omnipresence Parameters Performance Effect Phenomena-based concept classification Definitions - Q - U Roughdraft AI SOTP Classification Semi-Supervised Learning Synthetic Confidence Technical concept classifcation Technology by Default Technology by Design Technology Distancing Technology Transfer Technophobia Definitions - V - Z WENA Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 26 Insight(s) on artificial intelligence and law 13 Insight(s) on artificial intelligence ethics 11 Insight(s) on artificial intelligence hype 8 Insight(s) on AI Governance 7 Insight(s) on AI literacy 7 Insight(s) on RBI FREE-AI Committee 1 Insight(s) on deepfakes 1 Insight(s) on IndiaAI 1 Insight(s) on responsibility 0 Insight(s) on RoughDraft AI . Previous Item Next Item

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Get this Publication 2025 ISBN Not Applicable Author(s) Abhivardhan Editor(s) Not Applicable IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) AIDIPLOPPT1 Tags Abhivardhan, adversarial oversight, AI bias, AI diplomacy, AI Ethics, AI governance frameworks, AI infrastructure sovereignty, AI regulation, AI safety research, AI value chain, algorithm dependency, algorithmic capabilities, algorithmic hegemony, anthropomorphic analysis, aspatiality, benchmark validation, Brussels Effect, conflict prevention, cross-border cooperation, cultural competencies, Customary International Law, cyber geographies, data contamination, diachronic interpretability, digital geographical determinism, digital nomadism, Digital Public Infrastructure, digital sovereignty, diplomatic immunity, diplomatic practices, early warning systems, educational impairment, federal learning, fediverse networks, Global South perspectives, governance ethics, governance localization, incident response protocols, International Algorithmic Law, International Law, jurisdictional claims, knowledge asymmetry, minimum governance requirements, multipolar technological order, normative emergence, OECD definitions, opinio juris, policy frameworks, predictive diplomatic technologies, privacy-preserving technologies, prompt sensitivity, public-private partnerships, recursive norm formation, regulatory arbitrage, regulatory capture, risk-based approaches, sector-specific regulation, security audits, soft law measures, standardized reporting, state-industry relationships, technical standards, Technology Governance, territorial digital twins, Vienna Convention, voting pattern analysis, WEIRD countries, whole-of-government approaches Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E AI as a Concept AI Red Teaming Accountability Automation Chain-of-Thought Prompting Data as Noise Digital Colony Risk Definitions - F - J General intelligence applications with multiple short-run or unclear use cases as per industrial and regulatory standards (GI2) Hierarchical Feedback Distortion Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose Issue-to-issue concept classification Information Cosplay Definitions - K - P Language Model Manifest Availability Multi-alignment Model Algorithmic Ethics standards (MAES) Multipolar World Multipolarity Multivariant, Fungible & Disruptive Use Cases & Test Cases of Generative AI Object-Oriented Design Omnipotence Omnipresence Phenomena-based concept classification Privacy by Default Privacy by Design Proprietary Information Definitions - Q - U Roughdraft AI Rule Engine SOTP Classification Strategic Autonomy Strategic Hedging Technology by Default Technology by Design Technology Distancing Technology Transfer Technophobia Definitions - V - Z WANA WENA Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 4 Insight(s) on Government Affairs 3 Insight(s) on Generative AI 2 Insight(s) on Education 101 1 Insight(s) on Algorithmic Trading 1 Insight(s) on IndiaAI 1 Insight(s) on India-US Relations 1 Insight(s) on Indic Pacific 1 Insight(s) on accountability . Previous Item Next Item

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) Deciphering Regulative Methods for Generative AI [VLiGTA-TR-002] Get this Publication 2023 ISBN 978-81-959932-0-8 Author(s) Abhivardhan, Kapil Naresh, Yashudev Bansal Editor(s) Not Applicable IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) VLiGTA-TR-002 Tags Abhivardhan, AI Ethics, AI governance, AI regulation, Algorithmic accountability, Algorithmic governance, Artificial Intelligence, Data ethics, Emerging technologies, Ethical implications, Fairness and bias, Generative AI, Legal implications, Machine Learning, Policy and governance, Privacy and security, Regulative methods, Regulatory frameworks, Responsible AI, Societal impact of AI, Technology and society, VLiGTA Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E AI as a Concept AI as an Object AI as a Subject AI as a Third Party AI Explainability Clause Accountability Derivative Generative AI Applications, the Generative AI products and services which are derivatives of the main generative AI applications, by virtue of reliance (DGAI) Definitions - F - J General intelligence applications with multiple short-run or unclear use cases as per industrial and regulatory standards (GI2) General intelligence applications with multiple stable use cases as per relevant industrial and regulatory standards (GI1) Generative AI applications with one standalone use case (GAI1) In-context Learning Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose Definitions - K - P Language Model Manifest Availability Model Algorithmic Ethics standards (MAES) Multivariant, Fungible & Disruptive Use Cases & Test Cases of Generative AI Object-Oriented Design Proprietary Information Definitions - Q - U Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Roughdraft AI SOTP Classification Synthetic Content Technical concept classifcation Technology by Default Technology by Design Technology Distancing Technology Transfer Technophobia Definitions - V - Z WANA WENA Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 34 Insight(s) on AI Ethics 8 Insight(s) on AI and Competition Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and Copyright Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and media sciences 8 Insight(s) on AI Governance 8 Insight(s) on AI regulation 7 Insight(s) on AI literacy 4 Insight(s) on AI and Evidence Law 3 Insight(s) on Abhivardhan 2 Insight(s) on AI and Intellectual Property Law 1 Insight(s) on AI and Securities Law 1 Insight(s) on Algorithmic Trading . Previous Item Next Item

Section 3 – Classification of Artificial Intelligence PUBLISHED Previous Next Section 3 - Classification of Artificial Intelligence (1) All artificial intelligence technologies are categorised on the basis of the means of classification provided as follows – (i) Conceptual methods of classification: These methods as described in Section 4 categorize artificial intelligence technologies through a conceptual assessment of their utilisation, development, maintenance, and proliferation to examine & recognise their inherent purpose. These methods include: (a) Issue-to-Issue Concept Classification (IICC) (b) Ethics-Based Concept Classification (EBCC) (c) Phenomena-Based Concept Classification (PBCC) (d) Anthropomorphism-Based Concept Classification (ABCC) (ii) Technical methods of classification: These methods as described in Section 5 classify artificial intelligence technologies subject to their scale, inherent purpose, technical features and technical limitations. These methods include: (a) General Purpose Artificial Intelligence Applications with Multiple Stable Use Cases (GPAIS) (b) General Purpose Artificial Intelligence Applications with Multiple Short-Run or Unclear Use Cases (GPAIU) (c) Specific-Purpose Artificial Intelligence Applications with One or More Associated Standalone Use Cases or Test Cases (SPAI) (iii) Commercial methods of classification: These methods as described in Section 6 involve the categorisation of commercially and industrially produced and disseminated artificial intelligence technologies subject to their inherent purpose. (a) Artificial Intelligence as a Product (AI-Pro) (b) Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) (c) Artificial Intelligence as a Component (AI-Com) (d) Artificial Intelligence as a System (AI-S) (e) Artificial Intelligence-enabled Infrastructure as a Service (AI-IaaS) (f) Artificial Intelligence for Preview (AI-Pre) (iv) Risk-centric methods of classification: These methods as described in Section 7 classify artificial intelligence technologies based on their outcome and impact-based risks. (a) Narrow Risk AI Systems (b) Medium Risk AI Systems (c) High Risk AI Systems (d) Unintended Risk AI Systems Related Indian AI Regulation Sources Ferid Allani v. Union of India & Ors., W.P.(C) 7/2014 (Delhi High Court, Dec 12, 2019) December 2019 Responsible AI #AIforAll (Discussion Paper on Facial Recognition Technology) November 2022 Jaswinder Singh @ Jassi v. State of Punjab & Anr., CRM-M-22496-2022, order dated 27-3-2023 March 2023 Md Zakir Hussain v. State of Manipur, W.P. (C) No. 1080 of 2023 (Manipur High Court, May 23, 2024) May 2024 Flipkart Internet Private Ltd v. Joint Controller of Patents and Designs & Voicemonk Inc., CMA(PT) No. 9 of 2024, Madras High Court, Order dated January 5, 2026 January 2026

NITI Aayog's February 2021 guidance document establishing seven foundational principles for responsible AI including safety, equality, inclusivity, privacy, transparency, accountability, and human values protection. Principles for Responsible AI (Part 1) NITI Aayog's February 2021 guidance document establishing seven foundational principles for responsible AI including safety, equality, inclusivity, privacy, transparency, accountability, and human values protection. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. February 2021 Read the Document Issuing Authority NITI Aayog Type of Legal / Policy Document Guidance documents with normative influence Status Enacted Regulatory Stage Pre-regulatory Binding Value Guidance documents with normative influence AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Learn More AIACT.IN Version 3 Quick Explainer Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 5 [AIPI-V5] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 11 – Registration & Certification of AI Systems Section 11 – Registration & Certification of AI Systems Section 12 – National Registry of Artificial Intelligence Use Cases Section 12 – National Registry of Artificial Intelligence Use Cases Section 13 – National Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code Section 13 – National Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code

Indic Pacific Legal Research provides specialized legal and policy consulting services focused on technology law, AI governance and ethics, intellectual property in the digital realm, and corporate governance for the digital age.  Consulting Services We advise and consult on generating legal and policy solutions on complex matters related to law and digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, intellectual property, corporate innovation, sustainable development and legal management. What We Do Fractional Legal Support & Consulting for Businesses Technology and Data Law Regulatory Advice / Contractual Support on Data Protection Law Research Support in Legal & Policy issues around Data Processing, Privacy, Visitation and Quality Artificial Intelligence Governance Legal Advice / Contractual Support on AI Governance / Implementation Issues Research Support on AI Policy / AI Governance Training Support in AI Governance for Companies & Professionals Research Support on AI Literacy Assessment AI and Intellectual Property Law Legal Advice / Contractual Support for Technology and Copyright Issues Legal Advice / Contractual Support for Technology and Patent Law Issues Legal and Research Support on AI Patentability Legal Technology & Management Legal Technology Adoption, Management Evaluation Legal Technology Adoption and Support Technology and Public Policy Research Support on AI Policy / AI Governance Training Support in AI Governance for Government Professionals Research Support on AI Literacy Assessment

Issued on May 6, 2024, this was ECI's first formal advisory addressing deepfakes in election campaigning. The advisory directed political parties to take down deepfake posts within three hours of detection and established initial guidelines for responsible technology use during elections. This laid the foundation for subsequent more detailed advisories.​ Advisory on Ethical Use of Social Media and Deepfakes in Elections Issued on May 6, 2024, this was ECI's first formal advisory addressing deepfakes in election campaigning. The advisory directed political parties to take down deepfake posts within three hours of detection and established initial guidelines for responsible technology use during elections. This laid the foundation for subsequent more detailed advisories. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. May 2024 Read the Document Issuing Authority Election Commission of India (ECI) Type of Legal / Policy Document Executive Instruments - Administrative Decisions Status In Force Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Non-binding but institutionally endorsed instruments AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 23 – Content Provenance and Identification Section 23 – Content Provenance and Identification

Section 24 - Employment and Skill Security Standards PUBLISHED Previous Next Section 24 - Employment and Skill Security Standards [***] This is a repealed draft provision. Please click on "Next" to check the next draft provision / section. Related Indian AI Regulation Sources Karnataka Platform-Based Gig Workers (Social Security and Welfare) Ordinance, 2025 May 2025