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Toolware Date of Addition 21 October 2025 A category of software tools or AI-driven utilities designed to assist in specific tasks within the software development lifecycle, often used in a decentralized or uncoordinated manner across development teams. In computing, a collection of integrated or standalone applications and agents that support development, testing, or deployment processes, sometimes leading to workflow sprawl if not governed by a unified framework. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Learn More NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More Previous Term Next Term Explainers The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

GaryMarcus'd Explainers The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com GaryMarcus'd Date of Addition 7 June 2025 To "GaryMarcus'd" is a colloquial verb derived from the name of cognitive scientist Gary Marcus, referring to the act of critically exposing or debunking the overhyped capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), by highlighting their limitations in reasoning, understanding, or general intelligence. It implies a rigorous, often public critique that challenges the narrative of AI as a near-human or AGI-level system, emphasising its reliance on pattern matching rather than true cognitive processes. Context : The term originates from Marcus's long-standing skepticism toward deep learning and LLMs, as seen in his debates on X and publications like his 2022 Nature paper. The post by Josh Wolfe (@wolfejosh) on June 7, 2025, uses "Apple just GaryMarcus'd LLM reasoning ability" to suggest that Apple's study mirrors Marcus's critique, revealing LLMs' collapse under complex reasoning tasks. Indic Language Translations and Nuances Hindi: "गैरीमार्कस्ड" (GairīMārkasḍ) – Implies a scholarly takedown or exposure of AI flaws, with "मार्कस" (Mārkas) adapted from Marcus and "ड" (ḍ) adding a past-tense flavour to indicate the action is complete. In an Indic context, this term could resonate with the philosophical tradition of questioning artificial constructs (e.g., Maya in Hindu thought) versus true intelligence, aligning with Marcus's call for symbolic AI to complement statistical methods. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More Previous Term Next Term

Passed by Parliament in the budget session of 2000 and signed by President K.R. Narayanan on May 9, 2000, the Information Technology Act was notified on October 17, 2000. India became the 12th nation in the world to have separate IT legislation. The Act contains 94 sections divided into 13 chapters providing legal framework for electronic governance, digital signatures, cybercrime definitions, and penalties. A major amendment was made in 2008, introducing Sections 66A-66F covering offensive messages, interception powers, pornography, child porn, cyber terrorism, and voyeurism. The status is in force as the primary law dealing with cybercrime and electronic commerce in India. Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act 2000) Passed by Parliament in the budget session of 2000 and signed by President K.R. Narayanan on May 9, 2000, the Information Technology Act was notified on October 17, 2000. India became the 12th nation in the world to have separate IT legislation. The Act contains 94 sections divided into 13 chapters providing legal framework for electronic governance, digital signatures, cybercrime definitions, and penalties. A major amendment was made in 2008, introducing Sections 66A-66F covering offensive messages, interception powers, pornography, child porn, cyber terrorism, and voyeurism. The status is in force as the primary law dealing with cybercrime and electronic commerce in India. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. October 2000 Read the Document Issuing Authority Parliament of India Type of Legal / Policy Document Primary Legislation Status In Force Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Legally binding instruments enforceable before courts AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Learn More AIACT.IN Version 3 Quick Explainer Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 5 [AIPI-V5] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 1 – Short Title and Commencement Section 1 – Short Title and Commencement Section 2 – Definitions Section 2 – Definitions Section 29 – Power to Make Rules Section 29 – Power to Make Rules Section 31 – Protection of Action Taken in Good Faith Section 31 – Protection of Action Taken in Good Faith

Information Technology Act 2000 SPDI Rules notified April 2011 establishing India's first true framework for sensitive personal data protection including consent, security practices, and grievance redressal mechanisms. Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011 (SPDI Rules) Information Technology Act 2000 SPDI Rules notified April 2011 establishing India's first true framework for sensitive personal data protection including consent, security practices, and grievance redressal mechanisms. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. April 2011 Read the Document Issuing Authority Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Type of Legal / Policy Document Secondary Legislation Status In Force Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Legally binding instruments enforceable before courts AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Learn More AIACT.IN Version 3 Quick Explainer Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 5 [AIPI-V5] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 2 – Definitions Section 2 – Definitions Section 18 – Third-Party Vulnerability Reporting Section 18 – Third-Party Vulnerability Reporting Section 19 – Incident Reporting and Mitigation Protocols Section 19 – Incident Reporting and Mitigation Protocols Section 20 – Responsible Information Sharing Section 20 – Responsible Information Sharing

CEI Classification Explainers The Complete Glossary CEI Classification Date of Addition 26 Apr 2024 This is one of the two Classification Methods in which Artificial Intelligence could be recognised as a Concept, an Entity, or an Industry. This idea was proposed in the 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law (2021). Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Global Customary International Law Index: A Prologue [GLA-TR-00X] Learn More Regularizing Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Indo-Pacific [GLA-TR-002] Learn More An Indian Perspective on Special Purpose Acquisition Companies [GLA-TR-001] Learn More India-led Global Governance in the Indo-Pacific: Basis & Approaches [GLA-TR-003] Learn More Global Legalism, Volume 1 Learn More Global Relations and Legal Policy, Volume 1 [GRLP1] Learn More South Asian Review of International Law, Volume 1 Learn More Indian International Law Series, Volume 1 Learn More Global Relations and Legal Policy, Volume 2 Learn More The Policy Purpose of a Multipolar Agenda for India, First Edition, 2023 Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Learn More Previous Term Next Term terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) [AIACT.IN V3] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 3 Get this Publication 2024 ISBN Not Applicable Author(s) Abhivardhan Editor(s) Not Applicable IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) AIACT3 Tags Abhivardhan, AI applications, AI Development, AI Education, AI Ethics, AI Future, AI governance, AI Impact, AI Industry, AI Innovations, AI Research, AI Resources, AI Solutions, AI Technology, AI Tools, AI Training, AI Trends, AIACT.IN V3, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E AI as a Concept AI as an Object AI as a Subject AI as a Third Party Accountability Deepfakes Definitions - F - J Framework Fatigue General intelligence applications with multiple short-run or unclear use cases as per industrial and regulatory standards (GI2) General intelligence applications with multiple stable use cases as per relevant industrial and regulatory standards (GI1) Generative AI applications with a collection of standalone use cases related to one another (GAI2) Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose Definitions - K - P Manifest Availability Multivariant, Fungible & Disruptive Use Cases & Test Cases of Generative AI Parameters Privacy by Default Privacy by Design Proprietary Information Definitions - Q - U SOTP Classification Technology Transfer Transformer Model Definitions - V - Z Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 34 Insight(s) on AI Ethics 8 Insight(s) on AI Governance 8 Insight(s) on AI regulation 7 Insight(s) on AI literacy 3 Insight(s) on Abhivardhan 3 Insight(s) on AIACT.in . Previous Item Next Item

Techno-Legal Measures (DPDP Rules + DPDPA) Date of Addition 15 November 2025 “techno-legal measures” means as referred to under rules 20 and 22; Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 Functioning of Board as digital office. The Board shall function as a digital office, without prejudice to its power to summon and enforce the attendance of any person and examine her on oath, may adopt techno-legal measures to conduct proceedings in a manner that does not require physical presence of any individual. 22. Appeal to Appellate Tribunal. — (1) Any person aggrieved by an order or direction of the Board, may prefer an appeal before the Appellate Tribunal, it shall be filed in digital form as the Appellate Tribunal may decide. (2) An appeal filed with the Appellate Tribunal shall be accompanied by fee of like amount as is applicable in respect of an appeal filed under the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 (24 of 1997), unless reduced or waived by the Chairperson of the Appellate Tribunal at her discretion, and the same shall be payable digitally using the Unified Payments Interface or such other payment system authorised by the Reserve Bank of India. (3) The Appellate Tribunal— (a) shall not be bound by the procedure laid down by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), but shall be guided by the principles of natural justice and, subject to the provisions of the Act, may regulate its own procedure; and (b) shall function as a digital office which, without prejudice to its power to summon and enforce the attendance of any person and examine her on oath, may adopt techno-legal measures to conduct proceedings in a manner that does not require physical presence of any individual. [Source: Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 ] Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Auditing AI Companies for Corporate Internal Investigations in India, VLiGTA-TR-005 Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More Previous Term Next Term Explainers The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Calcutta High Court December 2025 landmark order in IndiaMART v OpenAI finding strong prima facie case of selective algorithmic discrimination after ChatGPT excluded Indian B2B marketplace from AI-generated search results while displaying competitors, ruling USTR reports non-binding and questioning OpenAI's intermediary obligations under Indian law in India's first judicial proceeding on AI platform exclusion. IndiaMART InterMesh Limited v. OpenAI Inc. & Ors., IP-COM/57/2025 (GA-COM/1/2025), Calcutta High Court, Order dated December 24, 2025 Calcutta High Court December 2025 landmark order in IndiaMART v OpenAI finding strong prima facie case of selective algorithmic discrimination after ChatGPT excluded Indian B2B marketplace from AI-generated search results while displaying competitors, ruling USTR reports non-binding and questioning OpenAI's intermediary obligations under Indian law in India's first judicial proceeding on AI platform exclusion. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. December 2025 Read the Document Issuing Authority Calcutta High Court (Intellectual Property Rights Division) Type of Legal / Policy Document Judicial Pronouncements - National Court Precedents Status In Force Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Legally binding instruments enforceable before courts AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Regulatory Sovereignty in India: Indigenizing Competition-Technology Approaches [ISAIL-TR-001] Learn More Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 16 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Corporate Governance Section 16 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Corporate Governance

Madras High Court judgment dated January 5, 2026 in CMA(PT) No. 9 of 2024 dismissing Flipkart Internet Private Ltd's appeal against Patent Office order upholding validity of Voicemonk Inc's Indian Patent IN 312437 for voice-AI virtual agent system enabling conversational commerce through natural language processing and action correlation technology; establishes patentability standards for AI-driven virtual assistants under Section 3(k) Patents Act 1970; applies Seven Stambhas novelty assessment framework from Lava International v Ericsson precedent; confirms voice-based conversational AI systems with sequential hierarchical lateral correlation logic not barred as mere computer programme per se; binding precedent on AI patent validity post-grant opposition appeals under Section 117A Patents Act. Flipkart Internet Private Ltd v. Joint Controller of Patents and Designs & Voicemonk Inc., CMA(PT) No. 9 of 2024, Madras High Court, Order dated January 5, 2026 Madras High Court judgment dated January 5, 2026 in CMA(PT) No. 9 of 2024 dismissing Flipkart Internet Private Ltd's appeal against Patent Office order upholding validity of Voicemonk Inc's Indian Patent IN 312437 for voice-AI virtual agent system enabling conversational commerce through natural language processing and action correlation technology; establishes patentability standards for AI-driven virtual assistants under Section 3(k) Patents Act 1970; applies Seven Stambhas novelty assessment framework from Lava International v Ericsson precedent; confirms voice-based conversational AI systems with sequential hierarchical lateral correlation logic not barred as mere computer programme per se; binding precedent on AI patent validity post-grant opposition appeals under Section 117A Patents Act. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. January 2026 Read the Document Issuing Authority Madras High Court Type of Legal / Policy Document Judicial Pronouncements - National Court Precedents Status Enacted Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Legally binding instruments enforceable before courts AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 3 – Classification of Artificial Intelligence Section 3 – Classification of Artificial Intelligence Section 14 – Model Standards on Knowledge Management Section 14 – Model Standards on Knowledge Management Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 21 – Intellectual Property Protections Section 21 – Intellectual Property Protections

AI Doomerism Explainers The Complete Glossary AI Doomerism Date of Addition 17 Oct 2025 An ideological stance that conflates exaggerated existential fears about artificial intelligence causing human extinction with legitimate AI governance concerns, typically promoted by governments, corporations, and policy circles rather than technical communities. AI Doomerism advocates for "AI Alignment" research and "AI Safety" measures focused on hypothetical future catastrophic risks while neglecting present-day technical failures, economic realities, and documented limitations of AI systems such as hallucinations, lack of explainability, and failure to generalise beyond training data. The phenomenon creates regulatory capture by concentrating power among large corporations through restrictions that hinder open-source development and startup innovation under the guise of preventing speculative threats. It exhibits a fundamental disconnect from actual technical challenges, relying on marketed narratives rather than empirical analysis, and promotes market distortions by amplifying AGI hype around technologies with demonstrated limitations. Distinguished from legitimate technology law and policy discourse addressing data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, competition law, and labour standards, AI Doomerism bypasses democratic engagement with technical communities in favour of sweeping restrictions based on catastrophic scenarios that obstruct meaningful innovation and evidence-based regulation. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Previous Term Next Term terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Section 20 – Responsible Information Sharing PUBLISHED Previous Next Section 20 - Responsible Information Sharing [***] This is a repealed draft provision. Please click on "Next" to check the next draft provision / section. Related Indian AI Regulation Sources Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011 (SPDI Rules) April 2011 Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (IT Rules 2021) February 2021 Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA) August 2023 Draft Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (DPDP Rules) January 2025

Income Tax Appellate Tribunal Bengaluru February 2025 case involving AI-hallucinated fake citations withdrawn under Section 254(2) highlighting judicial AI usage risks. Buckeye Trust v. PCIT, ITA No. 1051/Bang/2024 (ITAT Bengaluru Bench 2024-2025) Income Tax Appellate Tribunal Bengaluru February 2025 case involving AI-hallucinated fake citations withdrawn under Section 254(2) highlighting judicial AI usage risks. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. February 2025 Read the Document Issuing Authority Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Bengaluru Type of Legal / Policy Document Judicial Pronouncements - National Court Precedents Status Enacted Regulatory Stage Miscellaneous Binding Value Legally binding instruments enforceable before courts AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 16 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Corporate Governance Section 16 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Corporate Governance