“techno-legal measures” means as referred to under rules 20 and 22;

Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025

20. Functioning of Board as digital office.

The Board shall function as a digital office, without prejudice to its power to summon and enforce the attendance of any person and examine her on oath, may adopt techno-legal measures to conduct proceedings in a manner that does not require physical presence of any individual.

22. Appeal to Appellate Tribunal. —

(1) Any person aggrieved by an order or direction of the Board,

may prefer an appeal before the Appellate Tribunal, it shall be filed in digital form as the Appellate

Tribunal may decide.

(2) An appeal filed with the Appellate Tribunal shall be accompanied by fee of like amount as is applicable in respect of an appeal filed under the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 (24 of 1997), unless reduced or waived by the Chairperson of the Appellate Tribunal at her discretion, and the same shall be payable digitally using the Unified Payments Interface or such other payment system authorised by the Reserve Bank of India.

(3) The Appellate Tribunal—

(a) shall not be bound by the procedure laid down by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908),

but shall be guided by the principles of natural justice and, subject to the provisions of the Act, may regulate its own procedure; and

(b) shall function as a digital office which, without prejudice to its power to summon and enforce the attendance of any person and examine her on oath, may adopt techno-legal measures to conduct proceedings in a manner that does not require physical presence of any individual.

[Source: Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025]