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Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) An Indian Perspective on Special Purpose Acquisition Companies [GLA-TR-001] Get this Publication 2022 ISBN 978-81-957087-5-8 Author(s) Bhavana J Sekhar, Manohar Samal, Sathyajith MS Editor(s) Not Applicable IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) GLA-TR-001 Tags Business, Finance, Governance, Indian Market, Innovation, Investment, Legal Studies, Policy, SPACs, Special Purpose Acquisition Companies Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E Accountability Automation CEI Classification Class-of-Applications-by-Class-of-Application (CbC) approach Definitions - F - J Indo-Pacific Jurisprudential Compression Tax Issue-to-issue concept classification Definitions - K - P Multi-alignment Multipolar World Definitions - Q - U Strategic Hedging Definitions - V - Z Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 4 Insight(s) on Government Affairs 1 Insight(s) on India-US Relations 1 Insight(s) on governance 1 Insight(s) on Indic Pacific 1 Insight(s) on India 1 Insight(s) on strategic sectors . Previous Item Next Item

Election Commission of India's October 2025 directive mandating labeling of AI-generated political content and deepfakes during election campaigns. Advisory on Enhanced Standards for AI-Generated and Synthetic Content in Elections (Bihar Assembly Elections) Election Commission of India's October 2025 directive mandating labeling of AI-generated political content and deepfakes during election campaigns. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. October 2025 Read the Document Issuing Authority Election Commission of India (ECI) Type of Legal / Policy Document Executive Instruments - Administrative Decisions Status In Force Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Non-binding but institutionally endorsed instruments AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 23 – Content Provenance and Identification Section 23 – Content Provenance and Identification

Anthropomorphism-based concept classification The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary Anthropomorphism-based concept classification Date of Addition 26 Apr 2024 This is one of the sub-categorised methods to classify Artificial Intelligence as a Concept, with a perspective of how AI systems could lead to human attribution and enculturation. This idea was proposed in Artificial Intelligence Ethics and International Law (originally published in 2019). Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Legal-Economic Issues in Indian AI Compute and Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-011 Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Previous Term Next Term terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Multipolarity Date of Addition 26 April 2024 Multipolarity is a global system in which power is distributed among multiple states, with no single state having a dominant position, be it any sector, geography or level of sovereignty. This was discussed in India-led Global Governance in the Indo-Pacific: Basis & Approaches, GLA-TR-003 (2022). Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] Learn More Global Customary International Law Index: A Prologue [GLA-TR-00X] Learn More India-led Global Governance in the Indo-Pacific: Basis & Approaches [GLA-TR-003] Learn More Global Legalism, Volume 1 Learn More Global Relations and Legal Policy, Volume 1 [GRLP1] Learn More South Asian Review of International Law, Volume 1 Learn More Indian International Law Series, Volume 1 Learn More Global Relations and Legal Policy, Volume 2 Learn More The Policy Purpose of a Multipolar Agenda for India, First Edition, 2023 Learn More The Indic Approach to Artificial Intelligence Policy [IPLR-IG-006] Learn More Paving the Path to an International Model Law on Carbon Taxes [IPLR-IG-012] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2020 ISAIL] Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Toolware Date of Addition 21 October 2025 A category of software tools or AI-driven utilities designed to assist in specific tasks within the software development lifecycle, often used in a decentralized or uncoordinated manner across development teams. In computing, a collection of integrated or standalone applications and agents that support development, testing, or deployment processes, sometimes leading to workflow sprawl if not governed by a unified framework. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Learn More NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Multilateral policy declaration document adopted by participants at the AI Impact Summit in New Delhi, outlining non-binding agreements on artificial intelligence governance. AI Impact Summit Declaration, New Delhi Multilateral policy declaration document adopted by participants at the AI Impact Summit in New Delhi, outlining non-binding agreements on artificial intelligence governance. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. February 2026 Read the Document Issuing Authority Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India Type of Legal / Policy Document Multilateral Declaration Status Adopted Regulatory Stage Policy / Pre-regulatory Binding Value Non-binding AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 10 – Composition and Functions of the Council Section 10 – Composition and Functions of the Council Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 16 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Corporate Governance Section 16 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Corporate Governance Section 17 – Post-Deployment Monitoring of High-Risk AI Systems Section 17 – Post-Deployment Monitoring of High-Risk AI Systems

Benchmark Gaming The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary Benchmark Gaming Date of Addition 17 Oct 2025 The practice of optimizing AI models specifically for standardized evaluation metrics and leaderboard performance rather than genuine real-world capability or generalization. This phenomenon occurs when development teams tune hyperparameters, training data, or architectural choices to maximize scores on popular benchmarks while potentially degrading performance on practical applications not represented in test sets. Benchmark gaming undermines the validity of AI progress measurements by creating a disconnect between reported achievements and actual system utility, contributing to AI hype cycles and misaligned research incentives that prioritize metric manipulation over substantive technical advancement. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More Previous Term Next Term terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Compute Arbitrage The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary Compute Arbitrage Date of Addition 17 Oct 2025 An economic strategy that exploits geographic, temporal, or market-based pricing differentials in GPU compute resources to reduce costs for AI model training and inference workloads. This practice involves dynamically shifting computational tasks across cloud regions with lower electricity rates, opportunistically utilizing spot instances during off-peak hours, or leveraging jurisdictional variations in data center operational expenses. Compute arbitrage has emerged as a critical cost optimization discipline for AI companies as training expenses for frontier models reach tens of millions of dollars, with sophisticated operators achieving 30-50% cost reductions through strategic resource allocation across heterogeneous infrastructure providers. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Legal-Economic Issues in Indian AI Compute and Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-011 Learn More Previous Term Next Term terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) [AIACT.IN V5] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 5 Get this Publication 2025 ISBN Not Applicable Author(s) Abhivardhan Editor(s) Not Applicable IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) AIACT5 Tags Abhivardhan, Accountability, AI applications, AI Development, AI Education, AI Ethics, AI Future, AI governance, AI Impact, AI Industry, AI Innovations, AI literacy, AI regulation, AI Research, AI Resources, AI Solutions, AI Technology, AI Tools, AI Training, AI Trends, aiact.in, AIACT.IN V4, Artificial Intelligence, Compliance, content provenance, Data ethics, Employment, ethics code, Governance, high-risk AI, India, Indic Pacific, Legal Framework, Machine Learning, National Ethics Code, penalties, risk classification, Strategic Sectors, Transparency, Version 5.0, watermarking Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E AI as a Concept AI as an Object AI as a Subject AI as a Third Party Accountability Deepfakes Definitions - F - J General intelligence applications with multiple short-run or unclear use cases as per industrial and regulatory standards (GI2) General intelligence applications with multiple stable use cases as per relevant industrial and regulatory standards (GI1) Generative AI applications with one standalone use case (GAI1) Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose Definitions - K - P Manifest Availability Multivariant, Fungible & Disruptive Use Cases & Test Cases of Generative AI Parameters Privacy by Default Privacy by Design Proprietary Information Definitions - Q - U SOTP Classification Technology Transfer Transformer Model Definitions - V - Z Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 34 Insight(s) on AI Ethics 9 Insight(s) on AI Governance 8 Insight(s) on AI regulation 8 Insight(s) on AI literacy 4 Insight(s) on Abhivardhan 4 Insight(s) on AIACT.in . Previous Item Next Item

The Madras High Court became the first Indian court to formally allow an AI-assisted tool (called "Superlaw Courts") to be used during active proceedings to analyze heavy arbitral records. The judge strictly demarcated the AI's role: it can organize, search, and summarize documents, but it is prohibited from drawing legal inferences or expressing legal opinions. Gammon–OJSC Mosmetrostroy JV and Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) The Madras High Court became the first Indian court to formally allow an AI-assisted tool (called "Superlaw Courts") to be used during active proceedings to analyze heavy arbitral records. The judge strictly demarcated the AI's role: it can organize, search, and summarize documents, but it is prohibited from drawing legal inferences or expressing legal opinions. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. January 2026 Read the Document Issuing Authority Madras High Court Type of Legal / Policy Document Judicial Pronouncements - National Court Precedents Status Enacted Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Legally binding instruments enforceable before courts AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 3 – Classification of Artificial Intelligence Section 3 – Classification of Artificial Intelligence Section 14 – Model Standards on Knowledge Management Section 14 – Model Standards on Knowledge Management Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 21 – Intellectual Property Protections Section 21 – Intellectual Property Protections

applicationgiri The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary applicationgiri Date of Addition 5 Jun 2026 The prevalent cultural and entrepreneurial practice in parts of the Indian technology ecosystem of prioritising the rapid development and deployment of customer-facing applications, SaaS platforms, service layers, and “vibe-coded” digital products built atop existing foreign foundational technologies, rather than investing in original, deep scientific research, core hardware, fundamental algorithms, or systems-level breakthroughs. Etymology: Blend of English “application” + Hindi/Urdu suffix -giri (as in netagiri) , denoting the habitual pursuit or professionalized craft of a particular activity — often with a mildly pejorative undertone. Coined in Indian tech discourse circa 2024–2025 to critique an over-emphasis on applied iteration at the expense of foundational innovation. Key Characteristics: Heavy focus on UI/UX, business logic, integration layers, and go-to-market speed. Preference for proven stacks (cloud services, open-source frameworks, foreign AI models) over indigenous chip design, new computing paradigms, materials science, or core AI infrastructure. Cultural valorization of “quick builds,” hackathon-style execution, and revenue visibility over long-horizon, high-risk R&D. Usage Note : While applicationgiri has driven remarkable digital public infrastructure and generated significant economic value, the term is frequently invoked in strategic conversations as a cautionary label — urging India and the broader Indic Pacific region to graduate from being world-class appliers to becoming original creators of frontier technologies, akin to ambitions for an “Indian NVIDIA,” “Indian SpaceX,” or “Indian ASML.” This term was coined by Abhivardhan and @cvkrishnan (Krishnan CV) on X. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Learn More Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Legal Strategies for Open Source Artificial Intelligence Practices, IPLR-IG-004 Learn More Ethical AI Implementation and Integration in Digital Public Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-005 Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Legal-Economic Issues in Indian AI Compute and Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-011 Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More Previous Term Next Term terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) Global Customary International Law Index: A Prologue [GLA-TR-00X] Get this Publication 2022 ISBN 978-81-957087-2-7 Author(s) Abhivardhan, Bhavana J Sekhar Editor(s) Not Applicable IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) GLA-TR-00X Tags Abhivardhan, Customary International Law, Data Science, Ethics, Global Customary International Law Index, Governance, Innovation, International Law, Legal Studies, Policy, Prologue Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E CEI Classification Class-of-Applications-by-Class-of-Application (CbC) approach Ethics-based concept classification Definitions - F - J Framework Fatigue GAE Indo-Pacific International Algorithmic Law Definitions - K - P Multi-alignment Multipolar World Multipolarity Polyvocality Permeable Indigeneity in Policy (PIP) Phenomena-based concept classification Definitions - Q - U Strategic Autonomy Strategic Hedging Technophobia Definitions - V - Z WANA WENA Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 4 Insight(s) on Government Affairs 1 Insight(s) on India-US Relations 1 Insight(s) on governance 1 Insight(s) on Indic Pacific 1 Insight(s) on India 1 Insight(s) on strategic sectors . Previous Item Next Item