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CERT-In's July 2025 version 2.0 technical guidelines prescribing AI Bill of Materials requirements for government and essential services organizations. Technical Guidelines on SBOM, QBOM & CBOM, AIBOM, HBOM (Version 2.0) CERT-In's July 2025 version 2.0 technical guidelines prescribing AI Bill of Materials requirements for government and essential services organizations. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. July 2025 Read the Document Issuing Authority Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) Type of Legal / Policy Document Guidance documents with normative influence Status In Force Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Guidance documents with normative influence AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 22 – Shared Sector-Neutral & Sector-Specific Standards Section 22 – Shared Sector-Neutral & Sector-Specific Standards

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] Get this Publication 2022 ISBN 978-81-957087-0-3 Author(s) Abhivardhan, Aditi Sharma, Advyay Goel, Akash Manwani, Aryaman Sharma, Gyanda Kakar, Hemang Arora, Karan Ahluwalia, Kashvi Shetty, Manohar Samal, Megha Hurkat, Mohit Agarwal, Mridutpal Bhattacharyya, Nalin Mehrotra, Nisarg Bharadwaj, Noyonika Kar, Pankhuri Bhatnagar, Sanad Arora, Sayan Chandra, Simran Kaur Editor(s) Abhivardhan, Aditi Sharma, Manohar Samal, Mridutpal Bhattacharyya IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) RHB 2021 ISAIL Tags AI, Data Science, Ethics, Governance, Handbook, Innovation, International Law, Legal Studies, Policy Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E AI as a Concept AI as an Object AI as a Subject AI as a Third Party AI Explainability Clause Accountability Definitions - F - J Framework Fatigue General intelligence applications with multiple short-run or unclear use cases as per industrial and regulatory standards (GI2) General intelligence applications with multiple stable use cases as per relevant industrial and regulatory standards (GI1) Generative AI applications with a collection of standalone use cases related to one another (GAI2) Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose Definitions - K - P Manifest Availability Multipolar World Multipolarity Omnipotence Omnipresence Phenomena-based concept classification Privacy by Default Privacy by Design Definitions - Q - U SOTP Classification Semi-Supervised Learning Strategic Autonomy Technical concept classifcation Technology by Default Technology Distancing Technology Transfer Definitions - V - Z WANA WENA Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 34 Insight(s) on AI Ethics 9 Insight(s) on AI Governance 8 Insight(s) on AI and Competition Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and Copyright Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and media sciences 8 Insight(s) on AI regulation 8 Insight(s) on AI literacy 5 Insight(s) on AI and Evidence Law 4 Insight(s) on Abhivardhan 2 Insight(s) on AI and Intellectual Property Law 1 Insight(s) on AI and Securities Law 1 Insight(s) on Algorithmic Trading . Previous Item Next Item

AI Value Chain The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary AI Value Chain Date of Addition 5 Mar 2025 The structured network of entities and their associated responsibilities in the development, distribution, and deployment of AI systems. This includes providers who develop AI models, importers who bring systems into regulatory jurisdictions, distributors who make systems commercially available, and deployers who implement systems in specific contexts. Each entity bears distinct legal and ethical responsibilities for risk assessment, documentation, monitoring, and governance appropriate to their position in the chain. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Regularizing Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Indo-Pacific [GLA-TR-002] Learn More Regulatory Sovereignty in India: Indigenizing Competition-Technology Approaches [ISAIL-TR-001] Learn More Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024 for India: Feedback Report [IPLR-IG-003] Learn More Legal Strategies for Open Source Artificial Intelligence Practices, IPLR-IG-004 Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Learn More Ethical AI Implementation and Integration in Digital Public Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-005 Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Indic Pacific - ISAIL Joint Annual Report, 2022-24 Learn More Impact-Based Legal Problems around Generative AI in Publishing, IPLR-IG-010 Learn More Legal-Economic Issues in Indian AI Compute and Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-011 Learn More Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Learn More Previous Term Next Term terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Get this Publication 2025 ISBN 978-81-986924-0-5 Author(s) Abhivardhan, Sanad Arora, Supratim Bapuli Editor(s) Not Applicable IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) IPLR-IG-015 Tags Agreements, Contracts, Global Jurisprudence, Horizontal Proximity, Indian Law, Indian Policy, Indian Regulatory Contexts, Intermediaries, International Law, Intersectionality, Judicial Institutions, Legal Artifact, Oblique Proximity, recommendations, regulation, Safe Harbour, Self-Regulatory Bodies, Technology Evolution, Technology law, Terms of Use, Transnational Law, Vertical Proximity, Working Conditions Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E AI as a Concept AI as a Legal Entity AI as a Subject AI Literacy AI Supply Chain AI Value Chain AI Workflows Definitions - F - J Framework Fatigue Indo-Pacific Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose Jurisprudential Compression Tax Issue-to-issue concept classification Definitions - K - P Manifest Availability Model Algorithmic Ethics standards (MAES) Object-Oriented Design Polyvocality Performance Effect Permeable Indigeneity in Policy (PIP) Phenomena-based concept classification Privacy by Default Privacy by Design Definitions - Q - U SOTP Classification Strategic Hedging Technical concept classifcation Technology by Default Technology by Design Technology Distancing Technology Transfer Definitions - V - Z Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 34 Insight(s) on AI Ethics 26 Insight(s) on artificial intelligence and law 9 Insight(s) on AI Governance 8 Insight(s) on AI and Competition Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and Copyright Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and media sciences 8 Insight(s) on AI regulation 8 Insight(s) on AI literacy 5 Insight(s) on digital competition law 5 Insight(s) on AI and Evidence Law 4 Insight(s) on Abhivardhan 2 Insight(s) on AI and Intellectual Property Law 1 Insight(s) on digital markets act 1 Insight(s) on AI and Securities Law 1 Insight(s) on Algorithmic Trading 1 Insight(s) on Technology Law 1 Insight(s) on governance 1 Insight(s) on ethics 1 Insight(s) on innovation 1 Insight(s) on accountability 1 Insight(s) on safe harbour 1 Insight(s) on media law 0 Insight(s) on customer experience . Previous Item Next Item

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) Paving the Path to an International Model Law on Carbon Taxes [IPLR-IG-012] Get this Publication 2024 ISBN 978-81-977227-4-5 Author(s) Abhivardhan, Manohar Samal Editor(s) Not Applicable IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) IPLR-IG-012 Tags Academia, carbon market, carbon pricing, carbon tax, civil society, climate adaptation, climate change, climate finance, climate justice, climate mitigation, economic policy, emissions trading, energy policy, environmental policy, Global Governance, green economy, intergovernmental organizations, International Cooperation, International Law, multilateralism, non-state actors, Policy Analysis, public finance, Research, sustainable development, taxation, think tanks Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E Compute Definitions - F - J Indo-Pacific Definitions - K - P Multi-alignment Multipolar World Multipolarity Polyvocality Definitions - Q - U Strategic Autonomy Definitions - V - Z Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 4 Insight(s) on Government Affairs 1 Insight(s) on governance . Previous Item Next Item

Explore the research experience of Indic Pacific Legal Research in offering insights on technology law. Research Expertise Read the Report Our Knowledge Base Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. You can click below to know more about our reports and search them on IndoPacific.App to download them. Title Year The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition 2026 The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook 2026 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] 2022 Global Customary International Law Index: A Prologue [GLA-TR-00X] 2022 Regularizing Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Indo-Pacific [GLA-TR-002] 2021 An Indian Perspective on Special Purpose Acquisition Companies [GLA-TR-001] 2022 India-led Global Governance in the Indo-Pacific: Basis & Approaches [GLA-TR-003] 2022 Regulatory Sovereignty in India: Indigenizing Competition-Technology Approaches [ISAIL-TR-001] 2021 Regulatory Sandboxes for Artificial Intelligence: Techno-Legal Approaches for India [ISAIL-TR-002] 2022 Global Legalism, Volume 1 2020 Global Relations and Legal Policy, Volume 1 [GRLP1] 2020 Page 1 of 1 Our Products & Services are Research-backed Here's how and why. Our knowledge base—which forms over 90% of IndoPacific.App's content archive—is built around what actually matters to markets and end-users facing real problems, not what appeals to media circles or generates hype or buzz. This means we prioritize: Practical implications over rhetoric Market-relevant analysis over regurgitation Solution-focused insights over update-for-update's-sake reporting Real-world applicability over positioned messaging We understand that technology adoption and market shifts affect real lives, and real businesses on the ground. Therefore, our research and servicing focus remains sensitive of these major factors. We engage with Market-focused Problems The long-form publications (on IndoPacific.App) and the short-form explainers and insights (techindata.in) that we develop are prepared keeping in clear check how markets respond to technology adoption, and innovation. We are driven to provide Innovative Workflows We aim at solving problems by building innovative workflows instead of offering a so-called checklist for any legal, technology or policy problem, which can drive real-time changes for our clients and partners. We understand the interplay of Law, Policy & Technology Implementing tech to improve legal and policy tasks may drive may work when proactive policies, and sensible technology solutions are adopted. Our research expertise in tech law helps you navigate through the most sensible triad of tech adoption, tech policies and business impact. Indic Pacific Research Stats The IndoPacific.App, hosted by our team in partnership with the Indian Society of Artificial Intelligence and Law, comprises a huge archive of downloadable publications. This archive hosts our long-form research developed in 5 years, backing our service and training expertise in 5 key areas: Technology and Data Law Artificial Intelligence Governance Technology and Public Policy Digital Market Law and Competition Policy AI and Intellectual Property Law Technology Law, Startups and Market Adoption Number of Original Authors registered in the archive 240+ Number of Downloadable Contributions by our Founder, Abhivardhan 16.7% Total Number of Contributions out of Downloadable Standalone publications & Chapters 310+ Number of Individual Authorship Credits 300+ Total Number of Technology Law & AI Governance Contributions 200+ Indic Pacific's Tech Policy Research 36.5% Indic Pacific's AI Governance Research 32.7% Indic Pacific's Indo-Pacific Research 21.2% Indic Pacific's Intellectual Property + Tech Research 7% Our Brands Unique Perspectives, Common Goals: Showcasing Our Law & Policy Products & Brands A digital library and ecosystem app, which hosts our long-form downloadable research on technology law and policy. India's inaugural private AI regulation bill for India / Bharat authored by Abhivardhan An independent industry forum for legal, policy & technology professionals which supports the AI ecosystem of start-ups and MSMEs to advocate and promote AI standardisation in India Technology Law and Policy Inputs, explained with graphics, for technology leaders & startups with a dictionary of industry-grade terms around data and tech governance. The AiStandard.io Alliance intends to establish an allies of AI entities in India, Asia and the Global South, to develop market-friendly AI standards, with sector-specific, and sector-neutral contexts.

IndiaAI Mission's January 2025 comprehensive report providing AI governance recommendations following public consultation concluding February 2025. Report on AI Governance Guidelines Development IndiaAI Mission's January 2025 comprehensive report providing AI governance recommendations following public consultation concluding February 2025. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. January 2025 Read the Document Issuing Authority Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Type of Legal / Policy Document Guidance documents with normative influence Status Proposed Regulatory Stage Pre-regulatory Binding Value Guidance documents with normative influence AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 10 – Composition and Functions of the Council Section 10 – Composition and Functions of the Council Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 16 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Corporate Governance Section 16 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Corporate Governance Section 17 – Post-Deployment Monitoring of High-Risk AI Systems Section 17 – Post-Deployment Monitoring of High-Risk AI Systems

Technology Transfer Date of Addition 26 April 2024 This refers to the process of sharing AI knowledge and technology between different organizations or individuals. This can be done through formal channels such as research collaborations or licensing agreements, or through informal channels such as conferences and online communities. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] Learn More Regularizing Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Indo-Pacific [GLA-TR-002] Learn More Regulatory Sovereignty in India: Indigenizing Competition-Technology Approaches [ISAIL-TR-001] Learn More Regulatory Sandboxes for Artificial Intelligence: Techno-Legal Approaches for India [ISAIL-TR-002] Learn More Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Learn More Deciphering Regulative Methods for Generative AI [VLiGTA-TR-002] Learn More Promoting Economy of Innovation through Explainable AI [VLiGTA-TR-003] Learn More Reinventing & Regulating Policy Use Cases of Web3 for India [VLiGTA-TR-004] Learn More Auditing AI Companies for Corporate Internal Investigations in India, VLiGTA-TR-005 Learn More The Policy Purpose of a Multipolar Agenda for India, First Edition, 2023 Learn More [Version 1] A New Artificial Intelligence Strategy and an Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Bill, 2023 Learn More [Version 2] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023 Learn More Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024 for India: Feedback Report [IPLR-IG-003] Learn More Legal Strategies for Open Source Artificial Intelligence Practices, IPLR-IG-004 Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Learn More Ethical AI Implementation and Integration in Digital Public Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-005 Learn More [AIACT.IN V3] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 3 Learn More AIACT.IN Version 3 Quick Explainer Learn More The Indic Approach to Artificial Intelligence Policy [IPLR-IG-006] Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 5 [AIPI-V5] Learn More Indic Pacific - ISAIL Joint Annual Report, 2022-24 Learn More The Legal and Ethical Implications of Monosemanticity in LLMs [IPLR-IG-008] Learn More Navigating Risk and Responsibility in AI-Driven Predictive Maintenance for Spacecraft, IPLR-IG-009, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Impact-Based Legal Problems around Generative AI in Publishing, IPLR-IG-010 Learn More Legal-Economic Issues in Indian AI Compute and Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-011 Learn More Sections 4-9, AiACT.IN V4 Infographic Explainers Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More [AIACT.IN V4] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 4 Learn More [AIACT.IN V5] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 5 Learn More Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2020 ISAIL] Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Technology by Default Date of Addition 26 April 2024 This refers to the use of AI technology without fully considering its potential consequences. For example, a company might use AI to automate a task without thinking about how this might impact workers or society as a whole. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] Learn More Regularizing Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Indo-Pacific [GLA-TR-002] Learn More Regulatory Sovereignty in India: Indigenizing Competition-Technology Approaches [ISAIL-TR-001] Learn More Regulatory Sandboxes for Artificial Intelligence: Techno-Legal Approaches for India [ISAIL-TR-002] Learn More Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Learn More Deciphering Regulative Methods for Generative AI [VLiGTA-TR-002] Learn More Promoting Economy of Innovation through Explainable AI [VLiGTA-TR-003] Learn More Reinventing & Regulating Policy Use Cases of Web3 for India [VLiGTA-TR-004] Learn More Auditing AI Companies for Corporate Internal Investigations in India, VLiGTA-TR-005 Learn More Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Legal Strategies for Open Source Artificial Intelligence Practices, IPLR-IG-004 Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Learn More Ethical AI Implementation and Integration in Digital Public Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-005 Learn More The Indic Approach to Artificial Intelligence Policy [IPLR-IG-006] Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 5 [AIPI-V5] Learn More The Legal and Ethical Implications of Monosemanticity in LLMs [IPLR-IG-008] Learn More Navigating Risk and Responsibility in AI-Driven Predictive Maintenance for Spacecraft, IPLR-IG-009, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Impact-Based Legal Problems around Generative AI in Publishing, IPLR-IG-010 Learn More Legal-Economic Issues in Indian AI Compute and Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-011 Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2020 ISAIL] Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Indic Pacific Legal Research has curated and developed advanced-level industry-conscious training programmes on technology law, and artificial intelligence governance. You can access these programmes at indicpacific.com/train. *Of course: Your Legal & Policy Troubles Don't Need to Be the Next OTT Drama Invest in Technology Law Training for your Teams* Check our Programmes Indic Pacific Legal Research, an India-based emerging and AI-focused technology law consulting, has launched some practice-oriented training programmes on technology law, and AI policy. Here's why you should opt for training programmes powered by Enroll Now Why should you opt for Technology Law Fundamentals 6-week Access (Self-paced) 16 Lectures in 4 Modules 50+ Model Exercises Lecture Notes of 200+ pages Download the Brochure Enroll Now Why should you opt for Artificial Intelligence & Law Fundamentals 6-week Access (Self-paced) 15 Lectures in 4 Modules 50+ Model Exercises Lecture Notes of 280+ pages Download the Brochure Enroll Now Why should you opt for Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Law 12-week Access (Self-paced) 16 Lectures in 3 Modules 70+ Model Exercises 30+ Case studies Lecture Notes of 400+ pages Download the Brochure Enroll Now Why should you opt for Artificial Intelligence and Corporate Governance 15-week Access (Self-paced) 18 Lectures in 5 Modules 80+ Model Exercises 25+ Case studies Lecture Notes of 400+ pages Download the Brochure Technology Law Fundamentals Enroll Now Download the Brochure Welcome to the "Technology Law Fundamentals" training programme, where we dive into the exciting world of tech law without putting you to sleep. It's like having a secret weapon in your pocket—not literally, of course, because that would be illegal, and we're all about the law here. Check out this brochure for more information. UNIL-L-0002 Information Brochure .pdf Download PDF • 22.18MB Module 1: Technology, Explained & Understood We kick things off by exploring how technology is the puppet master pulling the strings of society and the economy. It's like understanding how your smartphone has become your boss, your best friend, and your worst enemy all at once. Module 2: Technology Law 1.0 & 2.0 Next, we embark on a journey to see how crusty old laws are trying to keep up with the lightning-fast pace of technological innovation. It's a bit like watching your grandparents navigate social media—equal parts amusing and impressive. We'll cover everything from the legal mumbo-jumbo of public laws to the juicy gossip of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Module 3: The Anatomy of Technology Governance This is where we get down to business—figuring out who gets to be the boss of the digital world. We'll navigate through the labyrinth of public and private laws that attempt to keep the tech giants in line (emphasis on "attempt"). Module 4: Introduction to Technology Law 3.0 Finally, we take a leap into the future of tech law, exploring proactive and application-specific strategies. It's all about staying ahead of the curve so you don't become as outdated as a flip phone. So, if you're ready to become a master of technology law, this programme is your training ground. We promise it's more engaging than watching grass grow on a cricket pitch. Let's dive in, have some laughs, and maybe even learn a thing or two along the way. After all, law is serious business, but who says it can't be a little bit fun? List of Lectures Lecture 1 – Technology as the Driver of Social Contract Lecture 2 – The Economics of Technology Lecture 3 – Technology as a System of Regulation Lecture 4 – Technology as a Product of Innovation Lecture 5 – Instrumentalism in Public Law Lecture 6 Legal and Juristic Recognition of Technologies Lecture 7 – Ethics by Design or Default Lecture 8 – Telecommunication Law after the Cold War Lecture 9 – ICTs in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Lecture 10 – Overlap of Physical and Digital Domains Lecture 11 – Digital Public Infrastructure Lecture 12 – Regulation, Adjudication & Dispute Resolution Lecture 13 – Civil & Commercial Liability Lecture 14 – Soft Law and Digital Economy Lecture 15 – Pre-Emptive Approach: Action or Omission Lecture 16 – Class-of-Applications-by-Class-of-Application Programme Description Artificial Intelligence & Law Fundamentals Enroll Now Download the Brochure Hey there, legal eagles and tech enthusiasts! Ready to dive into the wild world of AI and Law? Welcome to the "AI and Law Fundamentals" training programme, where we explore the crazy intersection of robots and regulations. Get ready to have your mind blown and your skills upgraded! Check out this brochure for more information. UNIL-L-0003 Information Brochure .pdf Download PDF • 21.31MB In Module 1 , we'll tackle the history and philosophy of AI, from its humble beginnings to its current world-dominating status (just kidding... maybe). We'll also ponder the big questions: Can AI have a conscience? Can it be held responsible? And how do we keep it from going "Terminator" on us? Module 2 is all about classifying AI from both a technical and legal perspective. We'll journey from Narrow AI to AGI and explore machine learning methods. It's like playing "AI Poker," but with more legal jargon and less bluffing. In Module 3 , we'll figure out how to regulate AI and keep it from taking over the world (hopefully). It's like putting a leash on a robot dog—challenging but necessary. Finally, Module 4 focuses on responsible AI and covers data quality, privacy, fairness, and separating hype from reality. By the end, you'll navigate AI's legal complexities like a pro (or like me navigating a rom-com script—not pretty, but I get there). So, if you're ready to become an AI and Law expert (and have a few laughs), join us on this exciting journey. It'll be more engaging than watching paint dry (and probably more useful too). Let's embrace the future together! And maybe we'll even create an AI lawyer for my parking tickets. A guy can dream, right? List of Lectures Lecture 1 – The History of Artificial Intelligence and Law Lecture 2 – Human Dignity and Human Centricity Lecture 3 – Consciousness and Agency Lecture 4 – Epistemology and Ontology Lecture 5 – Technology Transfer and Mobility Lecture 6 – From Narrow AI to AGI Lecture 7 – Types of Machine Learning Methods Lecture 8 – Concept, Entity & Industry Method Lecture 9 – Subject, Object & Third Party Method Lecture 10 – Regulatory Acceptance Lecture 11 – Product-Service Recognition Lecture 12 – Data Quality & Workflow Lecture 13 – Data Integrity & Erasure Lecture 14 – Privacy, Fairness & Non-Discrimination Lecture 15 – Artificial Intelligence Hype Programme Description Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Law Enroll Now Download the Brochure Alrighty folks, buckle up and get ready for a wild ride through the Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Law training program! We've got three modules packed with more lectures than you can shake a stick at. Let's dive in, shall we? Check out this brochure for more information. UNIS-L-0003 Information Brochure (1) .pdf Download PDF • 31.57MB Module 1: The Ethics of AI and IP Law In this module, we'll be tackling the big questions about human dignity, consciousness, and the philosophical underpinnings of AI. We'll also cover the nitty-gritty of tech transfer and mobility, machine learning methods, and stakeholder roles. It's like a buffet of brainy goodness! Module 2: IP Rights and Algorithmic Ethics Module 2 is where things get really juicy. We'll be digging into the legal and ethical challenges of AI algorithms in IP law. From data and algorithms to AI hype and identifying IP rights for AI-generated content, this module has it all. We'll even spill the beans on the latest AI initiatives in IP offices. Module 3: Common Concerns of IP Recognition In the final module, we'll tackle the big questions about recognizing and protecting IP rights for AI-generated works. We'll explore the role of human creativity and innovation, and break down patent pools and FRAND commitments so even your grandma could understand. So there you have it, folks - a whirlwind tour of AI and IP law, served with a side of sass and a sprinkle of sarcasm. It's like a legal rollercoaster, but with fewer lawsuits and more laughs. Sign up now and let's get this party started! List of Lectures Lecture 1 – Human Dignity, Consciousness and Agency Lecture 2 – Epistemology and Ontology Lecture 3 – Technology Transfer and Mobility Lecture 4 – Narrow AI to AGI Lecture 5 – Types of Machine Learning Methods Lecture 6 – Concept, Entity & Industry Method Lecture 7 – Subject, Object & Third Party Method Lecture 8 –Data & Algorithm in Intellectual Property Law Lecture 9 –Artificial Intelligence Hype Lecture 10 – Identification for Copyright & Trademarks Lecture 11 – Identification for Patents & Industrial Designs Lecture 12 – Identification for Traditional Knowledge & Geographical Indications Lecture 13 – Identification for Trade Secrets Lecture 14 – Artificial Intelligence Initiatives in IP Offices Lecture 15 –Role of Human Creativity & Innovation in AI-Generated IP Lecture 16 – Patent Pools and FRAND Commitments Programme Description Artificial Intelligence and Corporate Governance Enroll Now Download the Brochure Alrighty folks, buckle up for a wild ride through the Artificial Intelligence and Corporate Governance training program! We've got five modules packed with more lectures than you can shake a stick at. Let's dive in, shall we? Check out this brochure for more information. UNIS-L-0004 Information Brochure (1) .pdf Download PDF • 33.91MB Module 1: The Ethics and Classification of AI We're tackling the big questions about human dignity, consciousness, and the philosophical underpinnings of AI. From narrow AI to AGI and machine learning methods, it's a brainy buffet! Module 2: Fundamentals of Corporate Governance Data, algorithms, and IP law collide in this juicy module. We're digging into AI hype, product recognition, algorithmic ownership, privacy, and fairness. It's a governance gala! Module 3: Civil & Criminal Liability Liability differentiation and approximation take center stage as we explore criminal conduct and the importance of human oversight. It's a liability lollapalooza! Module 4: Contract Law and Practices Buckle up for a thrilling overview of general legal and commercial risks related to AI in contract law. It's a contractual carnival! Module 5: Company Law We're wrapping up with responsible AI development, governance practices, patent pools, and FRAND commitments. It's a company law extravaganza! So there you have it - a whirlwind tour of AI and corporate governance, served with a side of snark. It's like a legal rollercoaster, but with fewer lawsuits and more laughs. Sign up now and let's get this AI party started! List of Lectures Lecture 1 – Human Dignity, Consciousness and Agency Lecture 2 – Epistemology and Ontology Lecture 3 – Technology Transfer and Mobility Lecture 4 – Narrow AI to AGI Lecture 5 – Types of Machine Learning Methods Lecture 6 – Concept, Entity & Industry Method Lecture 7 – Subject, Object & Third Party Method Lecture 8 – Data & Algorithm in Law & Economics Lecture 9 –Artificial Intelligence Hype Lecture 10 – Product-Service Recognition Lecture 11 - Data & Algorithm in Intellectual Property Law Lecture 12 –Corporate Ownership of Algorithmic Activities & Operations Lecture 13 – Privacy, Fairness & Non-Discrimination Lecture 14 –Differentiation & Approximation of Liability Lecture 15 – Criminal Conduct and Human Oversight Lecture 16 – General Legal & Commercial Risks Lecture 17 – Responsible AI Development & Governance Lecture 18 – Patent Pools and FRAND Commitments Programme Description Shareable These training programmes are designed to cater the needs of technology, business & legal professionals. You will receive a certificate, which you can download and share among your peers & colleagues. Intensive Doubt-clearing Our programmes have a mix of written lectures and few recording sessions based on the nature of topics addressed. Once you read through the written lectures, you may book the doubt-clearing sessions at convenience. Do look through if a training programme has recorded lectures, written lectures, or both. Rigorous Skill Assessment You will receive a set of learning notes, consisting of: Insights, Model Exercises for self-learning & Readings. To add, you will also receive limited and optional access to our skill testing tools by VLiGTA Pro, to understand the extent of your legal & policy skills you have learned throughout the training programmes. These skill tests are designed for the needs of both professionals and students. Flexible Timing Typically, you'll have access to full training programs and courses for a grace period ranging from 1 to 3 months, or 4 to 12 weeks. Here's what you can expect from our training programs/courses Lecture Notes? Yes. For every training programme and course, we offer access to the learning notes, which consist 3 things: General Insights for every lecture as per the syllabus Model Exercises for every lecture for self-learning A Comprehensive List of Readings for every lecture Doubt-clearing Sessions? Yes. You will have access to scheduled sessions where you can ask questions and clarify any doubts you may have. These sessions are available for a limited time, either on a weekly or monthly basis, depending on the programme. Skill Testing Tools? Absolutely, with a twist! As part of the VLiGTA App ecosystem, you have the opportunity to access VLiGTA Pro's skill testing tools for a limited time. These tools are designed to help you assess your understanding and application of the concepts covered in the program. Please note that the access to these skill testing tools is currently in a beta phase, and opting for this feature is optional. These skill tests are designed for the needs of both professionals and students. Recorded Lectures? Absolutely, with a twist! For select courses, we also provide recorded lectures as an additional learning resource to enhance your understanding of the subject matter. The availability of these recorded lectures may vary depending on the specific course and the instructor and the team's discretion. Know the Level Before Choosing a Training Programme Understand the Scope and Depth of Your Training Commitment . It works, and it really helps. Always choose a level-playing field. If you're a newbie, start with Level Zero - Curious . Learn - level 1 First up, we've got "Learn - Level 1." This is where you'll dive into the basics of legal and policy domains. It's like learning the ABCs, but instead of rhyming ABCs, you'll be wrapping your head around legal jargon. Don't worry; they focus on teaching you how to actually apply this knowledge in the real world. skill - level 2 Next, we've got "Skill - Level 2." This is where things get a little more hands-on. You'll be learning practical skills and soft skills that'll come in handy for entry-level professionals . It's like learning how to make the perfect crème brûlée, but instead of caramelizing sugar, you'll be mastering regular tasks, practice methods, research methods , and project methods. Trust us ; these skills will make you the talk of the office chai & coffee station . grow - level 3 Finally, we've got "Grow - Level 3." This is where the big kids play. We're talking advanced skills and soft skills for both entry-level and experienced professionals . You'll be diving into the procedural, systemic, and instrumental aspects of legal and policy systems. It's like learning how to decipher ancient legal jargon , but instead of uncovering the secrets of long-dead judges , you'll be mastering the cryptic language of contracts , briefs, and court rulings that put insomniacs to shame . Okay, maybe not that extreme , but you get the idea. INDIC PACIFIC LEGAL RESEARCH We're sure you may have some questions to ask. We all do. Before you go ahead with the Frequently Asked Questions, or FAQs, you can go through the general terms & conditions of the training programmes & courses. Check the Terms frequently asked questions [FAQs] What types of training programmes does Indic Pacific offer for technology, business, and legal professionals in India? Our training programmes are structured across three levels: Learn (Level 1), Skill (Level 2), and Grow (Level 3). Each of our programmes is meticulously crafted to be practical and skill-focused. This ensures that our content delivers industry-conscious and industry-ready legal and policy training tailored for professionals in law, technology, and business. What's the format of the training programmes? Our training programmes are composed of three key elements: Lecture Content: Our training programs include comprehensive learning notes that cover general insights, model exercises for self-practice, and curated readings. For select courses, we also provide recorded lectures as an additional learning resource to enhance your understanding of the subject matter. The availability of these recorded lectures may vary depending on the specific course and the instructor and the team's discretion. Doubt-Clearing Sessions: You will have access to scheduled sessions where you can ask questions and clarify any doubts you may have. These sessions are available for a limited time, either on a weekly or monthly basis, depending on the programme. Skill Testing Tools (Optional): As part of the VLiGTA App ecosystem, you have the opportunity to access VLiGTA Pro's skill testing tools for a limited time. These tools are designed to help you assess your understanding and application of the concepts covered in the program. Please note that the access to these skill testing tools is currently in a beta phase, and opting for this feature is optional. Are the training programmes self-paced or do they follow a fixed schedule? Our training programmes and courses are designed to be flexible to meet your learning needs. We offer two main options: Time-limited programmes: These programmes have a fixed duration and schedule. You will need to complete the course within the specified timeframe. Self-paced courses: These courses allow you to learn at your own pace, without strict deadlines. You have the flexibility to complete the course material according to your own schedule. Before enrolling in any of our training programmes or courses, we strongly recommend that you carefully review all the details provided. This will help you understand the course content, format, requirements, and any time commitments involved, ensuring that you select the option that best suits your learning style and availability.If you have any questions or need further guidance, please don't hesitate to reach out to our team. We are here to help you make an informed decision and support you throughout your learning journey. Do participants receive any certification after completing a IndoPacific App training programme? Upon successfully completing one of our training programmes or courses, you will be awarded a certificate of completion. This certificate serves as a testament to your dedication and the knowledge you have acquired throughout the learning journey. To ensure easy access, the certificate will be available for download directly from our platform. Additionally, we will send a digital copy of the certificate to your registered email address, allowing you to keep a permanent record of your achievement. We encourage you to share your success with your loved ones and professional network. Feel free to proudly showcase your certificate of completion with your family, friends, colleagues, and peers. Sharing your accomplishment not only celebrates your hard work but also inspires others to embark on their own learning journeys. Your certificate of completion is a valuable addition to your professional portfolio, demonstrating your commitment to continuous learning and skill development. It can also serve as a conversation starter, opening up new opportunities for growth and collaboration. At Indic Pacific Legal Research, we take pride in your achievements and are thrilled to be a part of your learning journey. Are there any discounts or scholarships available? At Indic Pacific, we strive to provide high-quality training programmes and courses at optimized costs. The pricing details for each programme or course can be found on their respective pages on our website. We have made every effort to ensure that our pricing is competitive and offers excellent value for the content and resources provided.We understand that some individuals may require financial assistance to access our training programmes. If you are an employee of a company or organisation, or a student pursuing studies in the fields of law, policy, or technology, we encourage you to explore the possibility of discounted access or scholarships. To inquire about potential discounts or scholarships, please follow these steps: Reach out to your institution, whether it be your employer or educational institution, and express your interest in our training programmes. Request that your institution contact us directly to discuss the possibility of discounted access or scholarships for their employees or students. Once we receive the inquiry from your institution, our team will promptly get in touch with them to discuss the available options and any necessary arrangements. We believe in making our training programmes accessible to a wide range of individuals and are committed to working with organizations and institutions to facilitate this. By partnering with companies and educational institutions, we aim to support the professional development and learning opportunities of their employees and students. Are IndoPacific App's programmes suitable for Indian law students/professionals or geared towards experienced ones? To gain a comprehensive understanding of the specific deliverables and learning outcomes of each training programme and course, we highly recommend reviewing the detailed syllabus provided. The syllabus offers an in-depth overview of the topics covered, the skills you will acquire, and the practical applications of the knowledge gained. By carefully examining the syllabus, you can make an informed decision about which programme or course best aligns with your professional goals and learning objectives. Our team is also available to provide guidance and answer any questions you may have to ensure that you select the most suitable programme for your needs. At Indic Pacific, we are committed to delivering high-quality, industry-relevant training that empowers professionals to excel in their careers. We invite you to explore our programmes and embark on a transformative learning journey with us. What additional resources does the IndoPacific App offer to keep professionals updated on tech laws and policies? Apart from training programmes, the IndoPacific App offers several other valuable resources to help Indian professionals stay updated on technology laws and policies: Visual Legal Analytica : VLiGTA hosts a publication network called Visual Legal Analytica, where legal ideas and concepts are discussed using engaging graphics and visuals. This unique format makes complex legal topics more accessible and easier to understand for professionals. Check out Research Publications at IndoPacific.App : VLiGTA, as the research arm of Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, produces in-house legal and policy research on technology, law, and governance matters. These research works, inspired by the legacy of the Indian Society of Artificial Intelligence and Law (ISAIL) and Global Law Assembly (GLA), provide insights and solutions to keep professionals informed about the latest developments in the field. Weekly Newsletter: ISAIL , in collaboration with Indic Pacific Legal Research, shares regular updates on AI, law, and policy through a weekly newsletter called "Indian.Substack.com ." Subscribers receive the latest news and insights directly from the Chairperson's Office, ensuring they stay up-to-date with the most recent advancements and discussions in the field. AI & Law Resources: The IndoPacific App provides in-depth analysis of important developments in technology law and policy. For example, we had recently shared their insights on the IndiaAI Expert Group Report by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, offering valuable perspectives for professionals to consider. Sure, there are more technology law courses out there than you can shake a gavel at. But let's be real – most of them are about as engaging as a 500- page terms and conditions document. At Indic Pacific Legal Research we believe that learning about the legal side of technology shouldn't feel like a punishment. That's why we've crafted a programme that's equal parts informative and entertaining. You know the best part? You can complete the programme at your own pace, whether that means binge-learning over a weekend or taking it slow and steady like a tortoise with a LLM or MBA.

Omnipresence Date of Addition 26 April 2024 In the context of Artificial Intelligence, this implies that any AI system, due to its inherent yet limited features of processing and generating outputs, could be present or relevant in multiple frames of reference such as sectors, timelines, geographies, realities, levels of sovereignty, and many other factors. This was discussed in Artificial Intelligence Ethics and International Law (originally published in 2019), Regulatory Sovereignty in India: Indigenizing Competition- Technology Approaches, ISAIL-TR-001 (2021), Deciphering Regulative Methods for Generative AI, VLiGTA-TR-002 (2023) and many key publications by ISAIL & VLiGTA . Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] Learn More Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024 for India: Feedback Report [IPLR-IG-003] Learn More The Indic Approach to Artificial Intelligence Policy [IPLR-IG-006] Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2020 ISAIL] Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Transformer Model Date of Addition 22 March 2025 A neural network architecture introduced in the 2017 Google paper "Attention Is All You Need" that uses self-attention mechanisms to process sequential data. Transformers can determine relationships between elements in a sequence without the need for recurrent connections, enabling more efficient parallel processing. Transformer models consist of encoder and decoder components working together with an attention mechanism that weighs the importance of different elements in the input sequence. This architecture has proven remarkably versatile, powering advances in natural language processing, computer vision, and multimodal AI. Transformers form the foundation of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and have enabled significant breakthroughs in AI's ability to understand and generate human-like perceivable content. Their ability to process all elements of a sequence in parallel (rather than sequentially) has dramatically improved training efficiency compared to earlier architectures. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App [Version 1] A New Artificial Intelligence Strategy and an Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Bill, 2023 Learn More [Version 2] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023 Learn More Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024 for India: Feedback Report [IPLR-IG-003] Learn More [AIACT.IN V3] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 3 Learn More AIACT.IN Version 3 Quick Explainer Learn More Sections 4-9, AiACT.IN V4 Infographic Explainers Learn More [AIACT.IN V4] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 4 Learn More [AIACT.IN V5] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 5 Learn More NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com