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Section 35 – Amendment of [Other Legislation] PUBLISHED Previous Next Section 35 - Amendment of [Other Legislation] (1) The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 shall be amended as follows: (a) In Section 2, after the clause defining “Data Principal”, the following clause shall be inserted: “‘Artificial Intelligence system’ shall have the same meaning as assigned to it under clause (a) of Section 2 of the Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023.” (b) In Section 7, after the sub-section on “Legitimate Uses”, the following sub-section shall be inserted: “The processing of personal data by an Artificial Intelligence system shall be considered a legitimate purpose under this Act, subject to compliance with the provisions of the Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023 and the rules and regulations made thereunder.” (2) The Competition Act, 2002 shall be amended as follows: (a) In Section 2, after the clause defining “Relevant Market”, the following clause shall be inserted: “‘Artificial Intelligence system’ shall have the same meaning as assigned to it under clause (a) of Section 2 of the Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023.” (b) In Section 19, after sub-section (6), the following sub-section shall be inserted: “(7) While determining whether an agreement has an appreciable adverse effect on competition under sub-section (1), the Commission shall also consider the impact of the use of Artificial Intelligence systems by the parties to the agreement, in accordance with the factors specified in Section 20(4) of the Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023.” (3) The Patents Act, 1970 shall be amended as follows: (a) In Section 2, after clause (1)(j), the following clause shall be inserted: “(ja) ‘Artificial Intelligence system’ shall have the same meaning as assigned to it under clause (a) of Section 2 of the Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023.” (b) In Section 3, after clause (k), the following clause shall be inserted: “(l) a computer programme per se, including an Artificial Intelligence system, unless it is claimed in conjunction with a novel hardware.” (4) The Copyright Act, 1957 shall be amended as follows: (a) In Section 2, after clause (ffc), the following clause shall be inserted: “(ffd) ‘Artificial Intelligence system’ shall have the same meaning as assigned to it under clause (a) of Section 2 of the Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023.” (b) In Section 13, after sub-section (3), the following sub-section shall be inserted: “(3A) In the case of a work generated by an Artificial Intelligence system, the author shall be the person who causes the work to be created, unless otherwise provided by the Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023 or the rules and regulations made thereunder.” (5) The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 shall be amended as follows: (a) In Section 2, after clause (1), the following clause shall be inserted: “(1A) ‘Artificial Intelligence system’ shall have the same meaning as assigned to it under clause (a) of Section 2 of the Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023.” (b) In Section 2, after clause (47), the following clause shall be inserted: “(47A) ‘Unfair trade practice’ includes the use of an Artificial Intelligence system in a manner that violates the provisions of the Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023 or the rules and regulations made thereunder, and causes loss or injury to the consumer.” Related Indian AI Regulation Sources

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) Legal Strategies for Open Source Artificial Intelligence Practices, IPLR-IG-004 Get this Publication 2024 ISBN 978-81-970837-7-8 Author(s) Harshitha Reddy Chukka, Krati Singh Bhadouriya, Sanad Arora, Shresh Kiran Narang, Vaishnavi Singh Editor(s) Abhivardhan IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) IPLR-IG-004 Tags Abhivardhan, AI Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, Attribution, Best Practices, BSD License, ChatGPT, Collaboration, Commercialization, Compliance, Contracts, Copyright, Data Ownership, Data Protection, Development, Dispute Resolution, Due Diligence, Enforcement, Fair Use, Governance, GPL License, Guidelines, Implementation, Innovation, Innovation Ecosystem, Intellectual Property, IPLR-IG-004, Legal, Legal Advice, Legal Compliance, Legal Framework, Legal Risks, Liability, Licensing, Licensing Agreements, Licensing Models, Licensing Requirements, Licensing Strategies, Litigation, Open Data, Open Source, Patents, Policy, Practices, Privacy, Protection, Regulations, Rights, Risk Management, Security, Software Development, Strategies, Technology, Trade Secrets, Transparency Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E applicationgiri AI as a Component AI as a Concept AI as an Industry AI as a Juristic Entity AI as a Legal Entity AI as an Object AI as a Subject AI Knowledge Chain AI Literacy AI Supply Chain AI Value Chain AI Workflows AI-based Anthropomorphization Accountability Artificial Intelligence Hype Cycle Automation Definitions - F - J Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose Definitions - K - P Language Model Manifest Availability Model Algorithmic Ethics standards (MAES) Multivariant, Fungible & Disruptive Use Cases & Test Cases of Generative AI Object-Oriented Design Proprietary Information Definitions - Q - U Roughdraft AI SOTP Classification Small Language Models Synthetic Content Technical concept classifcation Technology by Default Technology by Design Technology Distancing Technology Transfer Technophobia Definitions - V - Z Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 34 Insight(s) on AI Ethics 9 Insight(s) on AI Governance 8 Insight(s) on AI and Competition Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and Copyright Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and media sciences 8 Insight(s) on AI regulation 8 Insight(s) on AI literacy 5 Insight(s) on AI and Evidence Law 4 Insight(s) on Abhivardhan 2 Insight(s) on AI and Intellectual Property Law 1 Insight(s) on AI and Securities Law 1 Insight(s) on Algorithmic Trading . Previous Item Next Item

Synthetic Confidence Date of Addition 8 May 2025 Synthetic confidence is the deceptive phenomenon where generative AI systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), produce fluent, authoritative outputs that mimic reasoning and certainty but often diverge from truth or accurate causality. Trained on vast, partially untraceable datasets to prioritise persuasiveness over veracity, these models generate convincing responses that mask reasoning failures and hallucinations—nonsensical or inaccurate outputs stemming from factors like overfitting, training data bias, and high model complexity. This artificially generated appearance of competence creates an illusion of control and understanding, obscuring the unpredictable and opaque nature of AI systems and their potential to propagate fluent misinformation. Sources OpenAI o3 and o4-mini System Card, April 16, 2025 The Urgency of Interpretability, April 2025 Analyzing o3 and o4-mini with ARC-AGI, April 22, 2025 The coinage of this term is attributed to Stephen Klein, Founder & CEO of Curiouser.AI , specifically this LinkedIn post . Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

SOTP Classification Date of Addition 26 April 2024 This is one of the two Classification Methods in which Artificial Intelligence could be recognised as a Subject, an Object or a Third Party in a legal issue or dispute. This idea was proposed in the 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law (2021). Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] Learn More Regularizing Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Indo-Pacific [GLA-TR-002] Learn More Regulatory Sovereignty in India: Indigenizing Competition-Technology Approaches [ISAIL-TR-001] Learn More Regulatory Sandboxes for Artificial Intelligence: Techno-Legal Approaches for India [ISAIL-TR-002] Learn More Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Learn More Deciphering Regulative Methods for Generative AI [VLiGTA-TR-002] Learn More Promoting Economy of Innovation through Explainable AI [VLiGTA-TR-003] Learn More Reinventing & Regulating Policy Use Cases of Web3 for India [VLiGTA-TR-004] Learn More Auditing AI Companies for Corporate Internal Investigations in India, VLiGTA-TR-005 Learn More [Version 1] A New Artificial Intelligence Strategy and an Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Bill, 2023 Learn More [Version 2] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023 Learn More Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Draft Digital Competition Bill, 2024 for India: Feedback Report [IPLR-IG-003] Learn More Legal Strategies for Open Source Artificial Intelligence Practices, IPLR-IG-004 Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Learn More Ethical AI Implementation and Integration in Digital Public Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-005 Learn More [AIACT.IN V3] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 3 Learn More AIACT.IN Version 3 Quick Explainer Learn More The Indic Approach to Artificial Intelligence Policy [IPLR-IG-006] Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 5 [AIPI-V5] Learn More The Legal and Ethical Implications of Monosemanticity in LLMs [IPLR-IG-008] Learn More Navigating Risk and Responsibility in AI-Driven Predictive Maintenance for Spacecraft, IPLR-IG-009, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Impact-Based Legal Problems around Generative AI in Publishing, IPLR-IG-010 Learn More Legal-Economic Issues in Indian AI Compute and Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-011 Learn More Sections 4-9, AiACT.IN V4 Infographic Explainers Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More [AIACT.IN V4] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 4 Learn More [AIACT.IN V5] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 5 Learn More Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2020 ISAIL] Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Madras High Court judgment dated January 5, 2026 in CMA(PT) No. 9 of 2024 dismissing Flipkart Internet Private Ltd's appeal against Patent Office order upholding validity of Voicemonk Inc's Indian Patent IN 312437 for voice-AI virtual agent system enabling conversational commerce through natural language processing and action correlation technology; establishes patentability standards for AI-driven virtual assistants under Section 3(k) Patents Act 1970; applies Seven Stambhas novelty assessment framework from Lava International v Ericsson precedent; confirms voice-based conversational AI systems with sequential hierarchical lateral correlation logic not barred as mere computer programme per se; binding precedent on AI patent validity post-grant opposition appeals under Section 117A Patents Act. Flipkart Internet Private Ltd v. Joint Controller of Patents and Designs & Voicemonk Inc., CMA(PT) No. 9 of 2024, Madras High Court, Order dated January 5, 2026 Madras High Court judgment dated January 5, 2026 in CMA(PT) No. 9 of 2024 dismissing Flipkart Internet Private Ltd's appeal against Patent Office order upholding validity of Voicemonk Inc's Indian Patent IN 312437 for voice-AI virtual agent system enabling conversational commerce through natural language processing and action correlation technology; establishes patentability standards for AI-driven virtual assistants under Section 3(k) Patents Act 1970; applies Seven Stambhas novelty assessment framework from Lava International v Ericsson precedent; confirms voice-based conversational AI systems with sequential hierarchical lateral correlation logic not barred as mere computer programme per se; binding precedent on AI patent validity post-grant opposition appeals under Section 117A Patents Act. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. January 2026 Read the Document Issuing Authority Madras High Court Type of Legal / Policy Document Judicial Pronouncements - National Court Precedents Status Enacted Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Legally binding instruments enforceable before courts AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 3 – Classification of Artificial Intelligence Section 3 – Classification of Artificial Intelligence Section 14 – Model Standards on Knowledge Management Section 14 – Model Standards on Knowledge Management Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 15 – Guidance Principles for AI-related Agreements Section 21 – Intellectual Property Protections Section 21 – Intellectual Property Protections

Consent Manager (DPDPA) The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary Consent Manager (DPDPA) Date of Addition 15 Nov 2025 “Consent Manager” means a person registered with the Board, who acts as a single point of contact to enable a Data Principal to give, manage, review and withdraw her consent through an accessible, transparent and interoperable platform [Source: Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 ] Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More Previous Term Next Term terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Delhi High Court May 2024 interim order protecting actor's personality rights against unauthorized AI chatbot use while exempting parody content. Jaikishan Kakubhai Saraf (Jackie Shroff) v. The Peppy Store & Ors., 2024 DHC 4046, Delhi High Court, Order dated May 15, 2024 Delhi High Court May 2024 interim order protecting actor's personality rights against unauthorized AI chatbot use while exempting parody content. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. May 2024 Read the Document Issuing Authority Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) Type of Legal / Policy Document Judicial Pronouncements - National Court Precedents Status In Force Regulatory Stage Regulatory Binding Value Legally binding instruments enforceable before courts AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App Regularizing Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Indo-Pacific [GLA-TR-002] Learn More Impact-Based Legal Problems around Generative AI in Publishing, IPLR-IG-010 Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 21 – Intellectual Property Protections Section 21 – Intellectual Property Protections

Liked our Work? Search it now on IndoPacific.App Get Searching Our Research Know more about our Knowledge Base, years of accumulated and developed in-house research at Indic Pacific Legal Research. Search our Research Treasure on IndoPacific.App. :) 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2020 ISAIL] Get this Publication 2021 ISBN 978-81-957087-1-0 Author(s) Abhivardhan, Aditi Sharma, Akash Manwani, Arundhati Kale, Dev Tejnani, Manohar Samal, Mayank Narang, Mridutpal Bhattacharyya, Saakshi Agarwal, Sameer Samal, Sanad Arora Editor(s) Abhivardhan, Akash Manwani, Kshitij Naik, Suman Kalani IndoPacific.App Identifier (ID) RHB 2020 ISAIL Tags AI, Data Science, Ethics, Governance, Handbook, Innovation, International Law, Legal Studies, Policy Related Terms in Techindata.in Explainers Definitions - A - E AI as a Concept AI as an Object AI as a Subject AI as a Third Party AI Explainability Clause Accountability Definitions - F - J Framework Fatigue General intelligence applications with multiple short-run or unclear use cases as per industrial and regulatory standards (GI2) General intelligence applications with multiple stable use cases as per relevant industrial and regulatory standards (GI1) Generative AI applications with a collection of standalone use cases related to one another (GAI2) Intended Purpose / Specified Purpose Definitions - K - P Manifest Availability Multipolar World Multipolarity Omnipotence Omnipresence Phenomena-based concept classification Privacy by Default Privacy by Design Definitions - Q - U SOTP Classification Semi-Supervised Learning Strategic Autonomy Technical concept classifcation Technology by Default Technology Distancing Technology Transfer Definitions - V - Z WANA WENA Whole-of-Government Response Related Articles in Techindata.in Insights 34 Insight(s) on AI Ethics 9 Insight(s) on AI Governance 8 Insight(s) on AI and Competition Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and Copyright Law 8 Insight(s) on AI and media sciences 8 Insight(s) on AI regulation 8 Insight(s) on AI literacy 5 Insight(s) on AI and Evidence Law 4 Insight(s) on Abhivardhan 2 Insight(s) on AI and Intellectual Property Law 1 Insight(s) on AI and Securities Law 1 Insight(s) on Algorithmic Trading . Previous Item Next Item

Technology Distancing Date of Addition 26 April 2024 This refers to the process of creating AI systems that are more transparent, accountable, and equitable. This can be done by involving stakeholders in the design and development of AI systems, and by making sure that AI systems are aligned with human values. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] Learn More Regularizing Artificial Intelligence Ethics in the Indo-Pacific [GLA-TR-002] Learn More Regulatory Sandboxes for Artificial Intelligence: Techno-Legal Approaches for India [ISAIL-TR-002] Learn More Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Learn More Deciphering Regulative Methods for Generative AI [VLiGTA-TR-002] Learn More Promoting Economy of Innovation through Explainable AI [VLiGTA-TR-003] Learn More Reinventing & Regulating Policy Use Cases of Web3 for India [VLiGTA-TR-004] Learn More Auditing AI Companies for Corporate Internal Investigations in India, VLiGTA-TR-005 Learn More Artificial Intelligence Governance using Complex Adaptivity: Feedback Report, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Legal Strategies for Open Source Artificial Intelligence Practices, IPLR-IG-004 Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 4 [AIPI-V4] Learn More Ethical AI Implementation and Integration in Digital Public Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-005 Learn More The Indic Approach to Artificial Intelligence Policy [IPLR-IG-006] Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 5 [AIPI-V5] Learn More The Legal and Ethical Implications of Monosemanticity in LLMs [IPLR-IG-008] Learn More Navigating Risk and Responsibility in AI-Driven Predictive Maintenance for Spacecraft, IPLR-IG-009, First Edition, 2024 Learn More Impact-Based Legal Problems around Generative AI in Publishing, IPLR-IG-010 Learn More Legal-Economic Issues in Indian AI Compute and Infrastructure, IPLR-IG-011 Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 Learn More The Global AI Inventorship Handbook, First Edition [RHB-AI-INVENT-001-2025] Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence and Policy in India, Volume 6 [AIPI-V6] Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2020 ISAIL] Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com

Section 28 – Alternate Dispute Resolution PUBLISHED Previous Next Section 28 – Alternate Dispute Resolution If the IAIC is of the opinion that any complaint may be resolved by mediation, it may direct the parties concerned to attempt resolution of the dispute through such mediation by such mediator as the parties may mutually agree upon, or as provided for under any law for the time being in force in India. Related Indian AI Regulation Sources

Reserve Bank of India's August 2025 framework establishing seven guiding principles for responsible and ethical artificial intelligence enablement in financial services sector. Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of Artificial Intelligence (FREE-AI) Committee Report Reserve Bank of India's August 2025 framework establishing seven guiding principles for responsible and ethical artificial intelligence enablement in financial services sector. Previous Next The AIACT.IN India AI Regulation Tracker This is a simple regulatory tracker consisting all information on how India is regulating artificial intelligence as a technology, inspired from a seminal paper authored by Abhivardhan and Deepanshu Singh for the Forum of Federations, Canada, entitled, "Government with Algorithms: Managing AI in India’s Federal System – Number 70 ". We have also included case laws along with regulatory / governance documents, and avoided adding any industry documents or policy papers which do not reflect any direct or implicit legal impact. August 2025 Read the Document Issuing Authority Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Type of Legal / Policy Document Guidance documents with normative influence Status Enacted Regulatory Stage Pre-regulatory Binding Value Guidance documents with normative influence AIACT. Regulation Visualiser Find more sources Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App The LegalTechPolicy.com Playbook, First Edition Learn More Reimaging and Restructuring MeiTY for India [IPLR-IG-007] Learn More Averting Framework Fatigue in AI Governance [IPLR-IG-013] Learn More Decoding the AI Competency Triad for Public Officials [IPLR-IG-014] Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More Artificial Intelligence, Market Power and India in a Multipolar World Learn More Related draft AI Law Provisions of aiact.in Section 10 – Composition and Functions of the Council Section 10 – Composition and Functions of the Council Section 11 – Registration & Certification of AI Systems Section 11 – Registration & Certification of AI Systems Section 12 – National Registry of Artificial Intelligence Use Cases Section 12 – National Registry of Artificial Intelligence Use Cases Section 13 – National Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code Section 13 – National Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code

Privacy by Design Date of Addition 26 April 2024 Privacy by Design states that any action a company undertakes that involves processing personal data must be done with data protection and privacy in mind at every step. This was largely proposed in the Article 25 of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union. Related Long-form Insights on IndoPacific.App 2021 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2021 ISAIL] Learn More Deciphering Artificial Intelligence Hype and its Legal-Economic Risks [VLiGTA-TR-001] Learn More Reinventing & Regulating Policy Use Cases of Web3 for India [VLiGTA-TR-004] Learn More [Version 1] A New Artificial Intelligence Strategy and an Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Bill, 2023 Learn More [Version 2] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023 Learn More [AIACT.IN V3] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 3 Learn More AIACT.IN Version 3 Quick Explainer Learn More Sections 4-9, AiACT.IN V4 Infographic Explainers Learn More [AIACT.IN V4] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 4 Learn More [AIACT.IN V5] Draft Artificial Intelligence (Development & Regulation) Act, 2023, Version 5 Learn More Reckoning the Viability of Safe Harbour in Technology Law, IPLR-IG-015 Learn More Indo-Pacific Research Ethics Framework on Artificial Intelligence Use [IPac AI] Learn More NIST Adversarial Machine Learning Taxonomies: Decoded, IPLR-IG-016 Learn More Normative Emergence in Cyber Geographies: International Algorithmic Law in a Multipolar Technological Order, First Edition Learn More AI Bias & the Overlap of AI Diplomacy and Governance Ethics Dilemmas Learn More 2020 Handbook on AI and International Law [RHB 2020 ISAIL] Learn More Previous Term Next Term The Indic Pacific Glossary The Complete Glossary terms of use This glossary of terms is provided as a free resource for educational and informational purposes only. By using this glossary developed by Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP (referred to as 'The Firm'), you agree to the following terms of use: You may use the glossary for personal and non-commercial purposes only. If you use any content from the glossary of terms on this website in your own work, you must properly attribute the source. This means including a link to this website and citing the title of the glossary. Here is a sample format to cite this glossary (we have used the OSCOLA citation format as an example): Indic Pacific Legal Research LLP, 'TechinData.in Explainers' (Indic Pacific Legal Research , 2023) You are not authorised to reproduce, distribute, or modify the glossary without the express written permission of a representative of Indic Pacific Legal Research. The Firm makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the glossary. The glossary is provided on an "as is" basis and the Firm disclaims all liability for any errors or omissions in the glossary. You agree to indemnify and hold the Firm harmless from any claims or damages arising out of your use of the glossary. If you have any questions or concerns about these terms of use, please contact us at global@indicpacific.com